feat: add fastapi docker

[toro-berlin]

What I'm changing

• Adds a .dockerignore that defines the files that get moved into the docker image.
• Adds a Dockerfile that installs the Python package based on the uv lock file and executes the FastAPI application.
• Adds a GitHub job executed on pushed tags that builds the image and pushes them to the GitHub registry.

closes #48

How I did it

• We put the GitHub job into the release workflow, as it should only be executed on release.
• Therefore, we renamed the existing jobs to associate them with the pypi release process.

Checklist

• Tests pass: uv run pytest
• Checks pass: uv run pre-commit --all-files
• CHANGELOG is updated (if necessary)

[gadomski]

I got this error when building locally:

 => ERROR [4/4] RUN uv sync --frozen                                                                                                                                                                      0.3s
------                                                                                                                                                                                                         
 > [4/4] RUN uv sync --frozen:
0.289 Using CPython 3.12.9 interpreter at: /usr/local/bin/python3
0.289 Creating virtual environment at: .venv
0.301 error: Failed to determine installation plan
0.301   Caused by: Distribution not found at: file:///app/pystapi-validator
------

 1 warning found (use docker --debug to expand):
 - FromAsCasing: 'as' and 'FROM' keywords' casing do not match (line 4)
Dockerfile:9
--------------------
   7 |     COPY . /app
   8 |     
   9 | >>> RUN uv sync --frozen
  10 |     
  11 |     CMD ["uv", "run", "fastapi", "dev", "/app/stapi-fastapi/tests/application.py", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"]
--------------------
ERROR: failed to solve: process "/bin/sh -c uv sync --frozen" did not complete successfully: exit code: 2

I think it would make sense to build the dockerfile (but not push it) in ci.yaml as well, to ensure it builds ok?

[gadomski]

Still getting this error when building locally:

 => ERROR [4/4] RUN uv sync --frozen                                                                                                                                           0.3s
------                                                                                                                                                                              
 > [4/4] RUN uv sync --frozen:
0.270 Using CPython 3.12.9 interpreter at: /usr/local/bin/python3
0.270 Creating virtual environment at: .venv
0.279 error: Failed to determine installation plan
0.279   Caused by: Distribution not found at: file:///app/pystapi-validator
------
Dockerfile:9
--------------------
   7 |     COPY . /app
   8 |     
   9 | >>> RUN uv sync --frozen
  10 |     
  11 |     CMD ["uv", "run", "fastapi", "dev", "/app/stapi-fastapi/tests/application.py", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"]
--------------------
ERROR: failed to solve: process "/bin/sh -c uv sync --frozen" did not complete successfully: exit code: 2

View build details: docker-desktop://dashboard/build/desktop-linux/desktop-linux/ogrcl2mcd2tj2mk5gua86tsyt

[toro-berlin]

Should work now @gadomski