[Console] Add documentation about the AsLockedCommand attribute

Author: NeilPeyssard

console/lockable_command.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+Prevent Running the Same Console Command Multiple Times
+=======================================================
+
+You can use `locks`_ to prevent the same command from running multiple times on
+the same server. The :doc:`Lock component </components/lock>` provides multiple
+classes to create locks based on the filesystem (:ref:`FlockStore <lock-store-flock>`),
+shared memory (:ref:`SemaphoreStore <lock-store-semaphore>`) and even databases
+and Redis servers.
+
+Using the AsLockedCommand attribute
+-----------------------------------
+
+The Console component provides an attribute called ``AsLockedCommand`` that automatically
+sets a lock on your command, and release it when the command ends::
+
+    // ...
+    use Symfony\Component\Console\Attribute\AsLockedCommand;
+    use Symfony\Component\Console\Command\Command;
+    use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
+    use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
+
+    #[AsLockedCommand(
+        name: 'app:database:purge',
+    )]
+    class PurgeDatabaseCommand extends Command
+    {
+        protected function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
+        {
+            $output->writeln('Purging the database...');
+
+            return Command::SUCCESS;
+        }
+    }
+
+.. versionadded:: 7.1
+
+    The ``AsLockedCommand`` attribute was introduced in Symfony 7.1.
+
+By default, the command name will be use as a key for the lock, but you can customize it::
+
+    use Symfony\Component\Console\Attribute\AsLockedCommand;
+    use Symfony\Component\Console\Command\Command;
+
+    #[AsLockedCommand(
+        name: 'app:database:purge',
+        lock: 'my-custom-lock-key',
+    )]
+    class PurgeDatabaseCommand extends Command
+    {
+        // ...
+    }
+
+If, for any reason, you need to define the lock key at runtime, you can define it with a callable::
+
+    use Symfony\Component\Console\Attribute\AsLockedCommand;
+    use Symfony\Component\Console\Command\Command;
+    use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
+
+    #[AsLockedCommand(
+        name: 'app:database:purge',
+        lock: [self::class, 'getLockKey'],
+    )]
+    class PurgeDatabaseCommand extends Command
+    {
+        // ...
+
+        public static function getLockKey(InputInterface $input): string
+        {
+            return $input->getArgument('lock-key');
+        }
+    }
+
+Using the LockableTrait
+-----------------------
+
+In addition, the Console component provides a PHP trait called ``LockableTrait``
+that adds two convenient methods to lock and release commands::
+
+    // ...
+    use Symfony\Component\Console\Command\Command;
+    use Symfony\Component\Console\Command\LockableTrait;
+    use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
+    use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
+
+    class UpdateContentsCommand extends Command
+    {
+        use LockableTrait;
+
+        // ...
+
+        protected function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
+        {
+            if (!$this->lock()) {
+                $output->writeln('The command is already running in another process.');
+
+                return Command::SUCCESS;
+            }
+
+            // If you prefer to wait until the lock is released, use this:
+            // $this->lock(null, true);
+
+            // ...
+
+            // if not released explicitly, Symfony releases the lock
+            // automatically when the execution of the command ends
+            $this->release();
+
+            return Command::SUCCESS;
+        }
+    }
+
+.. _`locks`: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lock_(computer_science)