DevOps Assignment - Next.js with Docker & Kubernetes

A containerized Next.js application with CI/CD pipeline and Kubernetes deployment.

🚀 Features

• Next.js 14 with TypeScript and Tailwind CSS
• Multi-stage Docker build for optimized production images
• GitHub Actions CI/CD pipeline with GHCR integration
• Kubernetes deployment with health checks and auto-scaling
• Security best practices with non-root user and minimal attack surface

📋 Prerequisites

• Node.js 18+
• Docker
• Minikube
• kubectl
• Git

🛠️ Local Development

1. Clone and Setup

git clone <your-repo-url>
cd <repo-name>
npm install

2. Run Development Server

npm run dev

Visit http://localhost:3000

3. Build Production

npm run build
npm start

🐳 Docker Commands

Build Image

docker build -t nextjs-devops-app .

Run Container

docker run -p 3000:3000 nextjs-devops-app

Health Check

docker ps  # Check container health status

⚙️ GitHub Actions Setup

1. Enable GitHub Container Registry:

   • Go to repository Settings → Actions → General
   • Enable "Read and write permissions" for GITHUB_TOKEN

2. Update Image Reference:

   • Edit k8s/deployment.yaml
   • Replace YOUR_USERNAME with your GitHub username

3. Push to Main Branch:

   git add .
   git commit -m "Initial commit"
   git push origin main

The workflow will automatically:

• Build Docker image
• Push to GitHub Container Registry
• Tag with branch name and commit SHA

☸️ Kubernetes Deployment

1. Start Minikube

minikube start
minikube addons enable ingress

2. Update Deployment Image

Edit k8s/deployment.yaml and replace the image URL:

image: ghcr.io/YOUR_USERNAME/nextjs-docker-k8s-deployment:latest

3. Deploy to Kubernetes

kubectl apply -f k8s/

4. Verify Deployment

# Check pods
kubectl get pods

# Check services
kubectl get services

# Check deployment status
kubectl rollout status deployment/nextjs-app

5. Access Application

Option 1: NodePort Service

minikube service nextjs-service --url

Option 2: Port Forward

kubectl port-forward service/nextjs-service 8080:80

Visit http://localhost:8080

Option 3: Minikube IP

minikube ip
# Visit http://<minikube-ip>:30080

🔍 Monitoring & Debugging

View Logs

kubectl logs -l app=nextjs-app

Describe Resources

kubectl describe deployment nextjs-app
kubectl describe service nextjs-service

Scale Application

kubectl scale deployment nextjs-app --replicas=5

🏗️ Architecture

┌─────────────────┐    ┌──────────────────┐    ┌─────────────────┐
│   GitHub Repo   │───▶│  GitHub Actions  │───▶│      GHCR       │
└─────────────────┘    └──────────────────┘    └─────────────────┘
                                                         │
                                                         ▼
┌─────────────────┐    ┌──────────────────┐    ┌─────────────────┐
│    Minikube     │◀───│   kubectl apply  │◀───│  K8s Manifests  │
└─────────────────┘    └──────────────────┘    └─────────────────┘

📦 Container Registry

After successful GitHub Actions build, your image will be available at:

ghcr.io/YOUR_USERNAME/nextjs-docker-k8s-deployment:latest

🔧 Troubleshooting

Common Issues

1. Image Pull Error:

   # Make repository public or configure image pull secrets
   kubectl create secret docker-registry ghcr-secret \
     --docker-server=ghcr.io \
     --docker-username=YOUR_USERNAME \
     --docker-password=YOUR_TOKEN

2. Service Not Accessible:

   # Check if minikube tunnel is running
   minikube tunnel

3. Pod CrashLoopBackOff:

   kubectl logs <pod-name>
   kubectl describe pod <pod-name>

📝 Assignment Checklist

• ✅ Next.js application created
• ✅ Multi-stage Dockerfile with best practices
• ✅ GitHub Actions workflow for CI/CD
• ✅ GHCR integration with proper tagging
• ✅ Kubernetes deployment with replicas
• ✅ Health checks (liveness & readiness probes)
• ✅ Service configuration for external access
• ✅ Comprehensive documentation

🎯 Production Considerations

• Security: Non-root user, minimal base image
• Performance: Multi-stage build, standalone output
• Reliability: Health checks, resource limits
• Scalability: Horizontal pod autoscaling ready
• Monitoring: Structured logging, metrics endpoints

---

Repository URL: https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/nextjs-docker-k8s-deployment
GHCR Image URL: ghcr.io/YOUR_USERNAME/nextjs-docker-k8s-deployment:latest# Trigger workflow