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Actions edited this page May 7, 2026 · 54 revisions

Premiums and Claims

Overview

Coverage economics are split into two operational paths:

  • premium path: continuous accrual in CoveredVaultWrapper against depositor principal → collectPremium() flush → fee split in PremiumManager → restaker reward routing,
  • claim path: withdrawal-time shortfall detection → fileClaim evaluation → token-native committee slashing → collateral conversion → beneficiary payout.

Premiums and claims both use the same policy/committee identity (policyId).

Policy actor note:

  • In this architecture, the policy buyer is the wrapper owner (EOA or multisig) — the msg.sender of PolicyManager.requestCoverage. The CoveredVaultWrapper contract itself is the claimer and beneficiary, but not the buyer. CoveredVaultWrapper._validatePolicyBinding enforces pol.buyer == owner() and reverts if it does not match.

CoveredVaultWrapper Integration Context

The covered integration uses a single CoveredVaultWrapper:

  • CoveredVaultWrapper: UUPS-upgradeable ERC-4626 vault that wraps a Morpho V2 vault; user-facing and premium-bearing.
  • Morpho Vault (underlying): yield source; wrapper is its sole depositor.

Users opt into insurance by depositing into the CoveredVaultWrapper rather than directly into the Morpho vault.

Deposit Flow (Covered Path)

sequenceDiagram
    participant User
    participant CVW as CoveredVaultWrapper
    participant MV as Morpho Vault

    User->>CVW: approve + deposit(assets, receiver)
    CVW->>CVW: _accruePremium() — checkpoint premium accumulator
    CVW->>MV: deposit(assets)
    MV-->>CVW: Morpho shares
    CVW-->>User: mint CoveredVaultWrapper shares
    CVW->>CVW: record userPrincipal[receiver] += assets
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Accounting details:

  • userPrincipal[receiver] tracks cost-basis (not yield); premium accrues on principal only,
  • a per-user userPremiumDebt offset prevents the depositor from inheriting liability that accrued before they arrived.

Premium Flow

Components

  • CoveredVaultWrapper - accrues premiums internally; exposes collectPremium() as a permissionless flush. When policyId != 0 (normal bound policy path), it approves PremiumManager and calls distributePremium. When policyId == 0 (e.g. after resetPolicyBinding()), it falls back to a direct safeTransfer to premiumRecipient. In practice, premium cannot accrue without a bound policy, so the fallback path is a defensive belt-and-suspenders guard.
  • PremiumManager - fee splitting and reward routing.
  • CoverPool - source of pool fee settings and fee recipient.
  • Core RewardsManager - downstream restaker reward distribution.

Premium Distribution Sequence

sequenceDiagram
    participant Anyone
    participant CVW as CoveredVaultWrapper
    participant PRM as PremiumManager
    participant Pool as CoverPool
    participant Treasury as Platform Treasury
    participant PoolRecipient as Pool Fee Recipient
    participant RM as Core RewardsManager
    participant SSP as SSPRouter

    Note over CVW: premium accrues continuously<br/>against totalPrincipal × premiumRatePerSecond
    Anyone->>CVW: collectPremium()
    CVW->>CVW: _accruePremium() — checkpoint accumulator
    CVW->>PRM: approve(pending premium)
    CVW->>PRM: distributePremium(pool, policyId, token, pending)
    PRM->>PRM: safeTransferFrom(CVW, PRM, amount)
    PRM->>Pool: read poolFeeBps + feeRecipient + owner
    PRM->>PRM: compute fee splits (retain restaker share in PRM)
    PRM->>Treasury: platform fee
    PRM->>PoolRecipient: pool fee
    PRM->>PRM: forceApprove(rewardsManager, restakerSplit)
    PRM->>RM: distributeRewards(policyId, curator, restakerSplit, token, taskId)
    RM->>PRM: safeTransferFrom(premiumManager, rewardsManager, restakerShare)
    PRM->>PRM: forceApprove(rewardsManager, 0)
    RM->>SSP: distributeRewards(..., tokenSource=rewardsManager)
    SSP->>RM: safeTransferFrom(rewardsManager, adapter, restakerShare)
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Fee Split Logic

PremiumManager.getFeeSplits(grossPremium, platformFeeBps, poolFeeBps):

  • platformSplit = gross * platformFeeBps / 10_000
  • poolSplit = gross * poolFeeBps / 10_000
  • restakerSplit = gross - platformSplit - poolSplit

Guardrails:

  • platformFeeBps <= 2_500 (25% max for platform fee),
  • platformFeeBps + poolFeeBps <= 5_000 (combined fee cap of 50%).

Claim Flow

Components

  • ClaimManager - claim intake, evaluation, and settlement.
  • SpecRegistry + ISpec - payability decision logic. Only admin-approved ISpec implementations can be registered. Resolution via resolveSpec is also gated by approval — if a spec is revoked, claim resolution for any (pool, specId) pair using that address is blocked until the spec is re-approved.
  • Core SlashingManager - committee slashing execution (token-native amounts, no USD conversion).
  • Swapper + quoteSwap - collateral token conversion and slippage-adjusted minimum output.

Claim Settlement Sequence

sequenceDiagram
    participant Claimer
    participant CM as ClaimManager
    participant SR as SpecRegistry
    participant Spec as ISpec
    participant SLM as Core SlashingManager
    participant SW as Swapper
    participant Beneficiary
    participant RM as RewardsManager

    Claimer->>CM: fileClaim(policyId, requestedAmount, evidenceHash, data)
    CM->>CM: validate claimApprovalRequired==false, claimer, window,<br/>remaining coverage, evidenceHash unique, !premiumDefaulted
    CM->>SR: resolveSpec(pool, specId)
    SR-->>CM: spec
    CM->>Spec: evaluate(context)
    Spec-->>CM: EvaluationResult

    alt non-payable
        CM-->>Claimer: claim rejected
    else payable
        CM->>SLM: previewSlashing(policyId, operator)
        SLM-->>CM: vaults[], tokens[], tokenStakes[] (token-native)
        CM->>SW: quoteSwap(tokenIn, payoutToken, stake) per cross-token vault
        CM->>CM: _computeVaultSlashes — proportional + slippage-inflated VaultSlash[]
        CM->>SLM: executeSlashing(policyId, operator, VaultSlash[], taskId)
        SLM-->>CM: collateralTokens[], collateralAmounts[]
        loop each collateral token
            alt token == payoutToken
                CM->>Beneficiary: transfer payout token (up to remainingPayout)
                CM->>PM: distributeSurplusAsRewards(surplus, if any)
                PM->>RM: distributeRewards(surplus, if any)
            else token != payoutToken
                CM->>SW: executeSwap(tokenIn -> payoutToken, amountOutMin=quoteSwap×slippage)
                SW-->>CM: payoutToken amountOut
                CM->>Beneficiary: transfer payout token (up to remainingPayout)
                CM->>PM: distributeSurplusAsRewards(surplus, if any)
                PM->>RM: distributeRewards(surplus, if any)
            end
        end
        CM->>CM: claimApprovalRequired[policyId] = true
    end
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Withdrawal (No Shortfall / Happy Path)

sequenceDiagram
    participant User
    participant CVW as CoveredVaultWrapper
    participant MV as Morpho Vault

    User->>CVW: redeem/withdraw
    CVW->>CVW: _accruePremium() + compute userPrincipalForWithdrawal
    CVW->>CVW: burn shares + update userPrincipal/debt
    CVW->>MV: redeem(morphoShares)
    MV-->>CVW: assetsReceived
    CVW->>CVW: insuredBasis = principalForWithdrawal - premiumForWithdrawal
    Note over CVW: netAssets >= insuredBasis → no shortfall
    CVW-->>User: transfer netAssets
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Withdrawal (With Shortfall / Claim Path)

sequenceDiagram
    participant User
    participant CVW as CoveredVaultWrapper
    participant MV as Morpho Vault
    participant CM as ClaimManager

    User->>CVW: redeem/withdraw
    CVW->>CVW: _accruePremium() + compute userPrincipalForWithdrawal
    CVW->>CVW: burn shares + update userPrincipal/debt
    CVW->>MV: redeem(morphoShares)
    MV-->>CVW: assetsReceived
    CVW->>CVW: insuredBasis = principalForWithdrawal - premiumForWithdrawal
    CVW->>CVW: shortfall = insuredBasis - netAssets > 0
    CVW->>CVW: _capAndApplyDeductible(shortfall, insuredBasis)
    CVW->>CM: fileClaim(policyId, claimAmount, evidenceHash, data)
    CM-->>CVW: payout (if approved)
    CVW-->>User: transfer netAssets + payout
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Note: ClaimManager.fileClaim(...) performs file + resolve atomically. payoutToken is set to the Morpho vault's underlying token. Share burning and principal/debt updates happen before the Morpho redeem call in _executeWithdrawal.

Emergency Exit (Insurance Waived)

Users may call emergencyRedeem or emergencyWithdraw to exit without triggering the claim path. A transient flag (SKIP_INSURANCE_SLOT) causes _computeInsurance to return 0, bypassing ClaimManager.fileClaim even when a shortfall exists. The user explicitly waives insurance for that exit and receives only the Morpho vault proceeds.

Coverage and Payout Controls

Remaining Coverage Accounting

For each policy:

  • requested claim must be <= current remaining coverage,
  • actual payout updates cumulative paid-out amount,
  • remaining coverage never drops below zero.

Claim Window

Claims are accepted only while policy is active:

  • startTime <= now < maturityTime.

Spec Approval Gate

Claim payout path is entered only if ISpec.evaluate(context).isPayable == true.

Curator Approval Gate (per successive claim)

After each approved claim, claimApprovalRequired[policyId] is set to true. The policy curator must call ClaimManager.approveNextClaim(policyId) before the next fileClaim will be accepted. This gives the curator a mandatory review window between successive payouts.

Premium Default Gate

fileClaim checks !metadata.premiumDefaulted. If the admin has flagged the policy as premium-defaulted (via PolicyManager), claims are rejected until the default is cleared.

Evidence Hash

Every call to fileClaim must supply a non-zero evidenceHash that is unique per policy. The ClaimManager maintains a per-policy set of consumed hashes and reverts with DuplicateEvidenceHash if the same hash is reused, whether the original claim was approved or rejected. This ensures each claim references distinct evidence and supports post-claim auditing.

Callers should supply a hash that identifies a retrievable evidence document, such as an IPFS CID digest (keccak256 of the CID multihash bytes), to enable off-chain verification.

Collateral Conversion Rules

In _processCollateral(...):

  • If collateral already equals payout token:
    • transfer directly up to remainingPayout; any surplus is forwarded to RewardsManager via PremiumManager.distributeSurplusAsRewards (skipped for native ETH surplus or if premiumManager is unset).
  • Else (cross-token):
    • _computeAmountOutMin calls Swapper.quoteSwap(tokenIn, tokenOut, amountIn) and applies maxSwapSlippageBps to get a slippage-adjusted minimum output,
    • approve Swapper for collateralAmount,
    • call Swapper.executeSwap(params) with the computed amountOutMin,
    • cap delivered amount to remainingPayout; any surplus swap output is forwarded to RewardsManager via PremiumManager.distributeSurplusAsRewards (skipped for native ETH payout or if premiumManager is unset),
    • clear residual approval.

Surplus distribution is wrapped in a try/catch. If it fails, a SwapSurplusDistributionFailed event is emitted and the surplus tokens remain in ClaimManager for recovery via recoverTokens.

The CollateralSwapped event is emitted for every processed collateral leg, including same-token direct transfers — not only for cross-token swaps. Monitor it to track all claim settlement activity.

Vault slashes are pre-inflated in _computeVaultSlashes (by 1 / (1 - maxSwapSlippageBps) for cross-token vaults) so that worst-case slippage still yields the full requestedAmount to the beneficiary.

This supports heterogeneous slash collateral while preserving payout-token settlement without relying on an oracle.

Bind-Time Route Validation and Active-Policy Route Lock (CYS3-06)

Invariant

PolicyManager.bindPolicy enforces that every non-payout collateral token backing a policy has an enabled, non-zero Swapper quote route to the policy payoutToken at bind time. This check runs before the USD-value sufficiency check so that collateral without a settlement path can never count toward coverage backing.

How it works

  1. PolicyManager.bindPolicy calls IClaimManager.validateAndLockCollateralRoutes(policyId, payoutToken, maturityTime, tokens, tokenStakes) once per policy, immediately after fetching committee token stakes.
  2. ClaimManager.validateAndLockCollateralRoutes (only callable by policyManager) iterates the token array:
    • Tokens that equal payoutToken or have zero stake are skipped (no route needed).
    • For each remaining token: Swapper.quoteSwap(token, payoutToken, stake) must return a non-zero value; any zero return or revert causes an immediate MissingSwapRouteForCollateral revert.
    • After passing the quote check, Swapper.lockRouteUntil(token, payoutToken, maturityTime) locks the route.
  3. Swapper.lockRouteUntil (only callable by claimManager) records the lock monotonically for both the (tokenIn, tokenOut) route key and the current swap target. The lock timestamp only moves forward — a later policy binding can extend a lock but never shorten it.

Lock enforcement

While a route lock is active (block.timestamp < lockedUntil):

  • Swapper.setSwapRoute rejects any material change: disabling the route or replacing its swap target reverts with RouteLockedByActivePolicies. Updating only swapCalldata (same target, same enabled = true) is still permitted so admins can patch DEX-side calldata.
  • Swapper.setSwapTargetWhitelist(target, false) reverts with TargetLockedByActivePolicies while the target lock is active.

Locks expire at maturityTime. Once the last dependent policy matures, swap managers can freely modify or disable the route.

Wiring requirement

Swapper.setClaimManager(claimManager) must be called as part of the cross-system wiring (step 9 in WireCoreContracts.s.sol) before any policy is bound. Without this, lockRouteUntil will revert with OnlyClaimManager during the first bindPolicy call.

Swapper Configuration for Cross-Token Payouts

When the vault collateral token differs from the policy payoutToken, a swap route must be configured in the Swapper before any claim can be paid out. The UniswapV3Adapter bridges the Swapper's static-calldata model to Uniswap V3.

One-time setup per (tokenIn, tokenOut) pair:

forge script script/DeployUniswapV3Adapter.s.sol \
  --rpc-url $RPC_URL --broadcast --slow -vvvv

Required env vars:

Variable Description
PRIVATE_KEY Admin key holding SWAP_MANAGER_ROLE on Swapper
SWAPPER Swapper proxy address (from ClaimManager.swapper())
SWAP_ROUTER Uniswap V3 SwapRouter02 (Sepolia: 0x3bFA4769FB09eefC5a80d6E87c3B9C650f7Ae48E)
TOKEN_IN Collateral token (e.g. Uniswap-native WETH on Sepolia: 0xfff9976782d46cc05630d1f6ebab18b2324d6b14)
TOKEN_OUT Payout token (e.g. Circle Sepolia USDC: 0x1c7D4B196Cb0C7B01d743Fbc6116a902379C7238)
POOL_FEE Uniswap V3 fee tier (e.g. 3000 = 0.3%, 500 = 0.05%)

The script deploys the adapter, whitelists it in Swapper, and registers the route in a single transaction.

Verify before filing a claim:

FileClaim.s.sol Phase 2 (Swapper Readiness) automatically checks each committee vault's collateral token against the policy payout token and validates that a route is configured and the target is whitelisted. It reverts before broadcasting if any route is missing.

Risk and Operations

Configuration Risks

  • Missing or bad swap routes can impair payout conversion for non-payout collateral.
  • Incorrect fee settings can over-route or under-route premium shares.
  • Wrong pool/policyId passed to distributePremium can mis-route policy rewards.

Runtime Risks

  • If Core slashing returns no collateral, payout path reverts.
  • If Swapper.quoteSwap reverts or returns zero for a cross-token vault, or if the computed proportional slash rounds to zero after slippage inflation, that vault is excluded from slashing (VaultExcludedFromSlashing event emitted).
  • Claim timing outside coverage window always reverts.

Operational Controls

  • Keep claim swap routes and whitelisted targets maintained ahead of incidents.
  • Monitor PremiumDistributed, ClaimFiled, ClaimApproved, ClaimRejected, CollateralSwapped (fires for every collateral leg, including same-token transfers), VaultExcludedFromSlashing, SwapSurplusDistributionFailed.
  • Validate policy-to-vault mappings before policy activation.

Migration Flow (Base Vault -> Covered Vault)

For existing base-vault users opting into insurance:

  1. User calls a migrator contract.
  2. Migrator redeems user position from base vault to underlying asset.
  3. Migrator deposits underlying into covered vault on behalf of user.
  4. Covered vault mints covered shares to user.

This migration is an integration-layer flow and usually implemented outside Coverage core contracts.

Practical Testing Coverage

The scripts in script/testing/ map directly to this document:

  • DistributePremium.s.sol — calls CoveredVaultWrapper.collectPremium(), validating the premium flush and distribution path.
  • FileClaim.s.sol — phases: prerequisites → Swapper readiness → pre-claim snapshot → file → result; validates claim evaluation and payout path including swap metrics.
  • CompleteCoverageFlow.s.sol — exercises both paths end-to-end; includes lightweight Swapper readiness logging and skip-if-zero-amount guards for re-runs.

Next Steps

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