Large AI Models for Wireless Physical Layer

A collection of paper on Large AI Models (LAMs) for wireless physical layer applications, extended from the overview paper by Jiajia Guo et al.

Contributors：Jiajia Guo,Tianyue Zheng, Yiming Cui, . If there are any omissions in the collection of the papers, please feel free to contact Jiajia Guo.

Table of Contents

• Overview
• Native LAMs
• Pre-trained LAMs
• Special Issues
• Note
• License

Overview

• Large AI Models for Wireless Physical Layer (Aug 2025): Jiajia Guo, Yiming Cui, Shi Jin, and Jun Zhang.
• Foundation Models for Wireless Communications: From PHY Intelligence to Network Autonomy (June 2026): Le Liang, Jiajia Guo, Jun Zhang, Chan-Byoung Chae, Lu Lu, Shugong Xu, Octavia A. Dobre, Shi Jin, and Geoffrey Ye Li.
• 6G Native AI and Channel Foundation Models (Aug 2026): Shugong Xu, Jun Jiang, Yuan Gao.
• Towards CSI-Native Foundation Models: A Channel-Adaptive Roadmap for 6G (June 2026): Chenyu Zhang, Xinchen Lyu, Chenshan Ren, Shuhan Liu, Qimei Cui.
• Generative and Large AI Models for 6G Wireless Networks: The Optimization Perspective (Apr 2026): Yong Zhou, Ting Wang, Youlong Wu, Puyu Cai, Fuhui Zhou, Yuanming Shi.
• Bridging Large Language Models and 6G Networks: Overview and Open Issues (March 2026): Xianke Qiang,Zheng Chang,Jianhua Tang,Wei Feng,Chungang Yang,Yan Zhang.
• Large Wireless Foundation Models: Stronger over Bigger (Jan 2026): Xiang Cheng, Boxun Liu, Xuanyu Liu, Xuesong Cai.
• Multi-Modal Data-Enhanced Foundation Models for Prediction and Control in Wireless Networks: A Survey (Jan 2026): Han Zhang, Mohammad Farzanullah, Mohammad Ghassemi, Akram Bin Sediq, Ali Afana, Melike Erol-Kantarci.
• Large Artificial Intelligence Models for Future Wireless Communications (Jan 2026): Chong Huang, Gaojie Chen, Pei Xiao, Zhu Han, Rahim Tafazolli.
• Large and Small Model Collaboration for Air Interface (Dec 2025): Yiming Cui, Jiajia Guo, Xiao Li, Chao-Kai Wen, Shi Jin.
• A survey of foundation models for IoT: taxonomy and criteria-based analysis (Nov. 2025): Hui Wei, Dong Yoon Lee, Shubham Rohal, Zhizhang Hu, Ryan Rossi, Shiwei Fang, abd Shijia Pan.
• Generative AI Meets Wireless Sensing: Towards Wireless Foundation Model (Sept. 2025): Zheng Yang, Guoxuan Chi, Chenshu Wu, Hanyu Liu, Yuchong Gao, Yunhao Liu, Jie Xu, Tony Xiao Han。
• LLM-Enhanced Space-Air-Ground-Sea Integrated Networks (Sept. 2025): Halvin Yang, Sangarapillai Lambotharan, Mahsa Derakhshani, and Lajos Hanzo.
• Large AI Model-Enabled Secure Communications in Low-Altitude Wireless Networks: Concepts, Perspectives and Case Study (Aug 2025): Chuang Zhang, Geng Sun, Jiacheng Wang, Yijing Lin, Weijie Yuan, Sinem Coleri, Dusit Niyato, Tony Q. S. Quek.
• Large Language Models for Wireless Communications: From Adaptation to Autonomy (Jul 2025): Le Liang, Hao Ye, Yucheng Sheng, Ouya Wang, Jiacheng Wang, Shi Jin, and Geoffrey Ye Li.
• A Survey of LLM-Driven Intelligent Processing for Physical-Layer Tasks in Wireless Communication (In Chinese, Jul 2025): WANG Wen;SUN Yaping;XU Xiaodong;HE Yejun;CHEN Hao;MA Nan;CUI Shuguang.
• From Large AI Models to Agentic AI: A Tutorial on Future Intelligent Communications (May 2025): Feibo Jiang, Cunhua Pan, Li Dong, Kezhi Wang, Octavia A. Dobre, and Merouane Debbah.
• A Comprehensive Survey of Large AI Models for Future Communications: Foundations, Applications and Challenges (May 2025):Feibo Jiang, Cunhua Pan, Li Dong, Kezhi Wang, Merouane Debbah, Dusit Niyato, and Zhu Han.
• DeepRT: A Hybrid Framework Combining Large Model Architectures and Ray Tracing Principles for 6G Digital Twin Channels (May 2025): Mingyue Li, Tao Wu, Zhirui Dong, Xiao Liu, Yiwen Lu, Shuo Zhang, Zerui Wu, Yuxiang Zhang, Li Yu and Jianhua Zhang.
• Wireless Large AI Model: Shaping the AI-Native Future of 6G and Beyond (Apr 2025): Fenghao Zhu, Xinquan Wang, Xinyi Li, et al.
• Towards Wireless Native Big AI Model: The Mission and Approach Differ From Large Language Model (Dec 2024): Zirui Chen, Zhaoyang Zhang, Chenyu Liu, Ziqing Xing.
• AI and Deep Learning for Terahertz Ultra-Massive MIMO: From Model-Driven Approaches to Foundation Models (Dec 2024): Wentao Yu, Hengtao He, Shenghui Song, Jun Zhang, Linglong Dai, Lizhong Zheng, Khaled B. Letaief.
• Towards a Wireless Physical-Layer Foundation Model: Challenges and Strategies (Mar 2024):Jaron Fontaine, Adnan Shahid, Eli De Poorter.
• Big AI Models for 6G Wireless Networks: Opportunities, Challenges, and Research Directions (Aug 2023): Zirui Chen, Zhaoyang Zhang, Zhaohui Yang.

Native LAMs

Native LAMs are built from scratch for wireless physical layer tasks, using extensive wireless datasets and Transformer architectures. Key examples include:

• Learnware (Aug 2026): Learnware for CSI Feedback

  Paper Title: Learnware for CSI Feedback: Scene-specific Small Models Can Do Big

  Paper Authors: Xiangyi Li, Jiajia Guo, Chao-Kai Wen, Xin Geng, Shi Jin, Zhi-Hua Zhou

• Channel2World (Aug 2026): Wireless Foundation Model for RF Environment Representation

  Paper Title: Channel2World: A Wireless Foundation Model for RF Environment Representation

  Paper Authors: Hyung-Joo Moon, Joonkyu Jang, Kwang Soon Kim, Seong-Lyun Kim, Robert W. Heath Jr, Chan-Byoung Chae

• EMWM (Aug 2026): Electromagnetic World Model

  Paper Title: Electromagnetic World Model for 6G: A Unified Framework for Joint Environment Reconstruction and Channel Prediction

  Paper Authors: Yizhu Zhao, Li Yu, Jianhua Zhang, Yuxiang Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Guangyi Liu

• Radio-FM (Aug 2026): Radio Signal Representation

  Paper Title: Radio-FM: A Foundation Model for Radio Signal Representation Learning and Its Applications

  Paper Authors: Jinchao Zhou, Wupeng Xie, Zhuangzhi Chen, Yao Lu, Qi Xuan, Yun Lin, Guan Gui

• WiFo-INR (Aug 2026): Implicit Neural Representations

  Paper Title: WiFo-INR: A Wireless Foundation Model Based on Implicit Neural Representations

  Paper Authors: Boxun Liu, Xuanyu Liu, Shijian Gao, Xiang Cheng, Liuqing Yang

• MultiPathFormer (Aug 2026): Multipath Wireless Propagation Foundation Model

  Paper Title: MultiPathFormer: Towards a Foundation Model for Multipath Wireless Propagation

  Paper Authors: Blessed Guda, Kayley Sze, Carlee Joe-Wong

• WALoMA (July 2026): Multitask Wireless Foundation Model

  Paper Title: WALoMA: A Multitask Wireless Foundation Model via Adaptive Low-Rank Masked Autoencoders

  Paper Authors: Madi Makin, Asmaa Abdallah, Abdulkadir Celik, Ahmed M. Eltawil

• FM (July 2026): Foundation Model for Cross-Band CSI Reconstruction

  Paper Title: A Foundation Model for Cross-Band CSI Reconstruction

  Paper Authors: Hongpu Zhang, Shu Sun, Ruifeng Gao, Tongjia Zhang, Feng Yang

• JEPA-CFM (July 2026): Joint embedding predictive architecture channel FM for FAS

  Paper Title: JEPA-CFM: A Joint Embedding Predictive Architecture-based Channel Foundation Model for Robust Fluid Antenna Systems

  Paper Authors: Yuan Gao; Yiming Liu; Jun Jiang; Jianbo Du; Shunqing Zhang; Xiaoli Chu; Kai-Kit Wong

• WMFM-OOD (July 2026): Out-of-distribution detection framework for wireless multimodal FM

  Paper Title: Out-of-Distribution Detection in Wireless Multimodal Foundation Models for 6G ISAC

  Paper Authors: Mohammad Farzanullah; Akram Bin Sediq; Ali Afana; Melike Erol-Kantarci

• WFM (July 2026): Hierarchical Wireless Foundation Model

  Paper Title: Hierarchical Wireless Foundation Model for Multi-Task Optimization

  Paper Authors: Yangjing Wang, Ouya Wang, Shenglong Zhou, Geoffrey Ye Li

• M3F-UAV (July 2026): Missing-Modality Multimodal Foundation Model for Low-Altitude Wireless Sensing

  Paper Title: M3F-UAV: A Missing-Modality Multimodal Foundation Model for Low-Altitude Wireless Sensing

  Paper Authors: Pengxuan Gao, Kai Ying, Botao Wu, Jianhua Mo, Qingsong Wen

• WiPo (July 2026): Wireless Cooperative Perception Foundation Model

  Paper Title: WiPo: Wireless Cooperative Perception Foundation Model Empowered Modality-Agnostic Feature Transmission

  Paper Authors: Ensong Liu; Rongqing Zhang; Jianan Zhang; Xiang Cheng

• FM-Receiver (July 2026): Foundation Model Enabled Unified Inner and Outer Neural Receiver

  Paper Title: FM-Receiver: A Foundation Model Enabled Unified Inner and Outer Neural Receiver Towards AI-Native Wireless Communications

  Paper Authors: Tianyue Zheng, Chao Jiang, Linglong Dai

• LMM-EMM (July 2026): large multimodal model-based environment-aware mobility management

  Paper Title: Large Multimodal Model-Based Environment-Aware Mobility Management

  Paper Authors: Seokhyun Jeong, Sangmok Shin, Seungnyun Kim, Jiao Wu, Byonghyo Shim

• HS-PINNnet (June 2026): Physics-Informed Path-Parametric Learning

  Paper Title: Physics-Informed Path-Parametric Learning for Efficient and Lightweight CSI Feedback

  Paper Authors: Chunyu Ling, Jiajia Guo, Yiming Cui, Chao-Kai Wen, Shi Jin, Shuangfeng Han, Xiaoyun Wang

• Foundation Models (June 2026): depth-aware framework improving the inference speed

  Paper Title: Fast Wireless Foundation Models with Early-Exits

  Paper Authors: Omar Mashaal, Hatem Abou-Zeid

• CSI-CLIP++ (June 2026): Scalable Channel Foundation Model

  Paper Title: CSI-CLIP++: A Scalable Channel Foundation Model for Wireless Communication via CIR-CSI Consistency

  Paper Authors: Jun Jiang, Wenjun Yu, Yunfan Li, Yuan Gao, Shugong Xu

• CMLP (June 2026): Use the complex-domain multilayer perceptrons (CMLPs) as spatial and frequency domain learners,

  Paper Title: Full-Domain Coupler: A Wireless Native Neural Backbone for Channel Representation and Deduction

  Paper Authors: Zirui Chen, Ziqing Xing, Zhaoyang Zhang, Hongning Ruan, Yuzhi Yang, Zhaohui Yang, Chongwen Huang, Merouane Debbah

• ConsisFormer (June 2026): Compute-Efficient Transformer

  Paper Title: ConsisFormer: Compute-Efficient Transformer for Wireless Foundation Models Based on Channel Consistency

  Paper Authors: Yuwei Wang, Li Sun, Tingting Yang, Liwen Jing, Yuxuan Shi, Maged Elkashlan, Mérouane Debbah

• LatentWave (June 2026): JEPA Pretraining for Wireless Foundation Models

  Paper Title: LatentWave: JEPA Pretraining for Wireless Foundation Models

  Paper Authors: Ahmed Mohamed, Ahmed Aboulfotouh, Hatem Abou-Zeid

• RA-LWLM (June 2026): Retrieval-Augmented In-Context Localization with Wireless Foundation Models

  Paper Title: RA-LWLM: Retrieval-Augmented In-Context Localization with Wireless Foundation Models

  Paper Authors: Guangjin Pan, Hui Chen, Hei Victor Cheng, Henk Wymeersch

• SpikeWFM (May 2026): Spiking-Aided Wireless Foundation Model

  Paper Title: SpikeWFM: Spiking-Aided Wireless Foundation Model for Robust Channel Prediction

  Paper Authors: Liwen Jing, Yisha Lu, Tingting Yang, Li Sun, Yuxuan Shi, Yuwei Wang, Mengfan Zheng, Leiyang Xu

• ComHymba (May 2026): Domain-Informed Foundation Model

  Paper Title: ComHymba: Low-Complexity Domain-Informed Foundation Model for Wireless Communications

  Paper Authors: Bowen Yang, Wei Chen, Jiaming Cheng, Bo Ai

• Foundation Model (May 2026): Size of wireless Foundation Model.

  Paper Title: How Big Should a Wireless Foundation Model Be?

  Paper Authors: Wei-Lun Cheng, Wanjiun Liao

• AWF (May 2026): Foundation Model for Adversarial Water-Filling.

  Paper Title: Adversarial Water-Filling: Theory, Algorithms and Foundation Model

  Paper Authors: Xindi Tong, Chee Wei Tan, H. Vincent Poor

• 3D-RoPE (May 2026): Physics-Aligned Rotary Positional Encoding.

  Paper Title: Adaptive 3D-RoPE: Physics-Aligned Rotary Positional Encoding for Wireless Foundation Models

  Paper Authors: Chenyu Zhang, Xinchen Lyu, Chenshan Ren, Shuhan Liu, Qimei Cui

• AirFM-DDA (May 2026): Foundation Model for Air-Interface in the Delay-Doppler-Angle Domain.

  Paper Title: AirFM-DDA: Air-Interface Foundation Model in the Delay-Doppler-Angle Domain for AI-Native 6G

  Paper Authors: Kejia Bian, Meixia Tao, Jianhua Mo, Zhiyong Chen, Leyan Chen

• GFM (Apr 2026): Graph Foundation Model for Wireless Resource Allocation.

  Paper Title: A Graph Foundation Model for Wireless Resource Allocation

  Paper Authors: Yucheng Sheng, Jiacheng Wang, Le Liang, Hao Ye, Shi Jin

• JEPA-MSAC (Mar 2026): Wireless foundation for Multimodal Sensing-Assisted Communications.

  Paper Title: JEPA-MSAC: A Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture for Multimodal Sensing-Assisted Communications

  Paper Authors: Can Zheng, Jiguang He, Guofa Cai, Nannan Li, Mehdi Bennis, Henk Wymeersch, Merouane Debbah

• WiMamba (Mar 2026): Wireless foundation model built upon the recently proposed Mamba architecture.

  Paper Title: WiMamba: Linear-Scale Wireless Foundation Model

  Paper Authors: Tomer Raviv, Nir Shlezinger

• MCM (Mar 2026): Pre-Trained Large Channel Models for Wireless Communication System.

  Paper Title: Scalable Pre-Trained Large Channel Models for Wireless Communication Systems

  Paper Authors: Jianhua Guo; Zhongsheng Deng; Zhen Qiao; Junkai Zhang; Jiang Xue; Dusit Niyato; Zongben Xu

• WWM (Mar 2026): A multi-modal foundation framework predicting the spatiotemporal evolution of wireless channels.

  Paper Title: A Wireless World Model for AI-Native 6G Networks

  Paper Authors: Ziqi Chen, Yi Ren, Yixuan Huang, Qi Sun, Nan Li, Yuhong Huang, Chih-Lin I, Yifan Li, Liang Xia

• WiCo (Mar 2026): Fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) for Channel Modeling (LLM4CM) and Wireless Channel Foundation Model (WiCo).

  Paper Title: Multi-Modal Intelligent Channel Modeling: From Fine-tuned LLMs to Pre-trained Foundation Models

  Paper Authors: Lu Bai, Zengrui Han, Mingran Sun, Xiang Cheng

• LWM-Temporal (Feb 2026): Operates in the angle-delay-time domain and introduces Sparse Spatio-Temporal Attention (SSTA).

  Paper Title: LWM-Temporal: Sparse Spatio-Temporal Attention for Wireless Channel Representation Learning

  Paper Authors: Sadjad Alikhani, Akshay Malhotra, Shahab Hamidi-Rad, Ahmed Alkhateeb

• TokenCom (Feb 2026): VLM Framework Designed for Token Communications.

  Paper Title: TokenCom: Vision-Language Model for Multimodal and Multitask Token Communications

  Paper Authors: Feibo Jiang, Siwei Tu, Li Dong, Xiaolong Li, Kezhi Wang, Cunhua Pan, Zhu Han, Jiangzhou Wang

• FM-RME (Feb 2026): Multi-dimensional Radio Map Estimation.

  Paper Title: FM-RME: Foundation Model Empowered Radio Map Estimation

  Paper Authors: Dong Yang, Yue Wang, Songyang Zhang, Yingshu Li, Zhipeng Cai, Zhi Tian

• AM-FM (Feb 2026): Ambient Intelligence and Sensing through WiFi.

  Paper Title: AM-FM: A Foundation Model for Ambient Intelligence Through WiFi

  Paper Authors: Guozhen Zhu, Yuqian Hu, Sakila Jayaweera, Weihang Gao, Wei-Hsiang Wang, Jiaxuan Zhang, Beibei Wang, Chenshu Wu, K. J. Ray Liu

• MMFM4WCS (Feb 2026): Multi-modal FM for Physical-layer Wireless Systems.

  Paper Title: A Multi-Modal Foundational Model for Wireless Communication and Sensing

  Paper Authors: Vahid Yazdnian, Yasaman Ghasempour

• FPM (Feb 2026): CKM Construction Framework Enabled by a Foundation Prior Model.

  Paper Title: A Scalable Cloud-Edge Collaborative CKM Construction Framework Enabled by a Foundation Prior Model

  Paper Authors: Sixu Xiao, Yong Zeng, Haotian Rong, Yanqun Tang

• HeterCSI (Jan 2026): Channel-Adaptive Heterogeneous CSI Foundation Model.

  Paper Title: HeterCSI: Channel-Adaptive Heterogeneous CSI Pretraining Framework for Generalized Wireless Foundation Models

  Paper Authors: Chenyu Zhang, Xinchen Lyu, Chenshan Ren, Shuhan Liu, Qimei Cui, Xiaofeng Tao

• RF-MatID (Jan 2026): Dataset and Benchmark for Radio Frequency Material Identification.

  Paper Title: RF-MatID: Dataset and Benchmark for Radio Frequency Material Identification

  Paper Authors: Xinyan Chen, Qinchun Li, Ruiqin Ma, Jiaqi Bai, Li Yi, Jianfei Yang

• WirelessJEPA (Jan 2026): Foundation Model for Spatio-temporal Wireless Latent Predictions.

  Paper Title: WirelessJEPA: A Multi-Antenna Foundation Model using Spatio-temporal Wireless Latent Predictions

  Paper Authors: Viet Chu, Omar Mashaal, Hatem Abou-Zeidn

• LMM-BM (Jan 2026): Multimodal Large Model for Beam Management.

  Paper Title: Large Multimodal Model-Based Environment-Aware Beam Management

  Paper Authors: Seungnyun Kim; Subham Saha; Seokhyun Jeong; Byonghyo Shim; Moe Z. Winn

• LMM-CE (Jan 2026): Multimodal Large Model for Channel Estimation.

  Paper Title: Large Multimodal Model-Based Environment-Aware Channel Estimation

  Paper Authors: Seungnyun Kim; Seokhyun Jeong; Jiao Wu; Byonghyo Shim; Moe Z. Win

• WiFo-E (Jan 2026): Foundation Model for End-to-End FDD Precoding.

  Paper Title: WiFo-E: A Scalable Wireless Foundation Model for End-to-End FDD Precoding in Communication Networks

  Paper Authors: Weibo Wen, Shijian Gao, Haotian Zhang, Xiang Cheng, Liuqing Yang

• WiFo-M^2 (Jan 2026): Multi-Modal Foundation Model to Empower Wireless Communications.

  Paper Title: WiFo-M^2: Plug-and-Play Multi-Modal Sensing via Foundation Model to Empower Wireless Communications

  Paper Authors: Haotian Zhang, Shijian Gao, Xiang Cheng

• LWM-Spectro (Jan 2026):Foundation Model for Wireless Baseband Signal Spectrograms

  Paper Title: LWM-Spectro: A Foundation Model for Wireless Baseband Signal Spectrograms

  Paper Authors: Namhyun Kim, Sadjad Alikhani, Ahmed Alkhateeb

• CSI-MAE (Jan 2026): A generalized CFM leveraging masked autoencoder for cross-scenario generalization

  Paper Title: CSI-MAE: A Masked Autoencoder-based Channel Foundation Model

  Paper Authors: Jun Jiang, Xiaolong Ruan, Shugong Xu

• WiFo-MUD (Jan 2026): Universal diffusion based foundation model for multi-user demodulation

  Paper Title: WiFo-MUD: Wireless Foundation Model for Heterogeneous Multi-User Demodulator

  Paper Authors: Zonghui Yang, Shijian Gao, Xuesong Cai, Xiang Cheng, Liuqing Yang

• PFM (Dec 2025): Predictive foundation model for channel acquistion and reducing pilot overhead

  Paper Title: Reducing Pilots in Channel Estimation With Predictive Foundation Models

  Paper Authors: Xingyu Zhou, Le Liang, Hao Ye, Jing Zhang, Chao-Kai Wen, Shi Jin

• WMFM (Dec 2025): Contrastive learning based Wireless Multimodal Foundation Model

  Paper Title: Wireless Multimodal Foundation Model (WMFM): Integrating Vision and Communication Modalities for 6G ISAC Systems

  Paper Authors: Mohammad Farzanullah, Han Zhang, Akram Bin Sediq, Ali Afana, Melike Erol-Kantarci

• LASCO (Dec 2025): Large and Small Model Collaboration for CSI-based tasks

  Paper Title: Large and Small Model Collaboration for Air Interface

  Paper Authors: Yiming Cui, Jiajia Guo, Xiao Li, Chao-Kai Wen, Shi Jin

• WiFo-2 (Nov 2025): A revolutionary wireless foundation model for extensive CSI-based tasks

  Paper Title: Foundation Model for Intelligent Wireless Communications

  Paper Authors: Boxun Liu, Xuanyu Liu, Shijian Gao, Xiang Cheng and Liuqing Yang

• FPre-training Localization Model (Nov 2025): Pre-training Model for CSI-Based Indoor Localization.

  Paper Title: A Masked Pre-training Model for CSI-Based Indoor Localization

  Paper Authors: Jiawei Zhang, Bolin Wang, Zhen Liang, Jun Hao and Yang Lu

• WMLM (Nov 2025): Large Multimodal Model for Mobile Network.

  Paper Title: Sensing and Understanding the World over Air: A Large Multimodal Model for Mobile Networks

  Paper Authors: Zhuoran Duan, Yuhao Wei, Guoshun Nan, Zijun Wang, Yan Yan, Lihua Xiong, Yuhan Ran, Ji Zhang, Jian Li, Qimei Cui, Xiaofeng Tao, Tony Q. S. Quek

• FM Wi-Fi Sensing (Nov 2025): : Foundation Models for Zero-Shot Cross-Domain Wi-Fi Sensing.

  Paper Title: Scale What Counts, Mask What Matters: Evaluating Foundation Models for Zero-Shot Cross-Domain Wi-Fi Sensing

  Paper Authors: Cheng Jiang, Yihe Yan, Yanxiang Wang, Chun Tung Chou, Wen Hu

• WPFMs (Nov 2025): Envisioning Neuro-Symbolic Wireless Foundation Models.

  Paper Title: Reasoning Meets Representation: Envisioning Neuro-Symbolic Wireless Foundation Models

  Paper Authors: Jaron Fontaine, Mohammad Cheraghinia, John Strassner, Adnan Shahid, Eli De Poorter

• WiCo-PG (Nov 2025): Wireless Channel Foundation Model for Pathloss Map Generation.

  Paper Title: WiCo-PG: Wireless Channel Foundation Model for Pathloss Map Generation via Synesthesia of Machines

  Paper Authors: Mingran Sun, Lu Bai, Ziwei Huang, Xuesong Cai, Xiang Cheng, Jianjun Wu

• WiCo-MG (Nov 2025): Wireless Channel Foundation Model for Multipath Generation .

  Paper Title: WiCo-MG: Wireless Channel Foundation Model for Multipath Generation via Synesthesia of Machines

  Paper Authors: Zengrui Han, Lu Bai, Xuesong Cai, Xiang Cheng

• Multimodal-WFMs (Nov 2025): Multimodal Wireless Foundation Models.

  Paper Title: Multimodal Wireless Foundation Models

  Paper Authors: Ahmed Aboulfotouh and Hatem Abou-Zeid

• Tiny-WiFo (Nov 2025): Lightweight Wireless Foundation Model for Channel Prediction.

  Paper Title: Tiny-WiFo: A Lightweight Wireless Foundation Model for Channel Prediction via Multi-Component Adaptive Knowledge Distillation

  Paper Authors: Haotian Zhang, Shijian Gao, Xiang Cheng

• CSI-4CAST (Oct 2025): Wireless Foundation Model for Channel Prediction.

  Paper Title: CSI-4CAST: A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for CSI Prediction with Comprehensive Robustness and Generalization Testing(Code Data)

  Paper Authors: Sikai Cheng, Reza Zandehshahvar, Haoruo Zhao, Daniel A. Garcia-Ulloa, Alejandro Villena-Rodriguez, Carles Navarro Manchón, Pascal Van Hentenryck

• MobiGPT (Sep 2025): A unified structure capable of forecasting base station traffic, user app usage, and channel quality.

  Paper Title: MobiGPT: A Foundation Model for Mobile Wireless Networks

  Paper Authors: Xiaoqian Qi, Haoye Chai, Yong Li

• BERT4beam (Sep 2025): BERT-based framework for beamforming optimization to handle multiple tasks with different system objectives and scales.

  Paper Title: BERT4beam: Large AI Model Enabled Generalized Beamforming Optimization

  Paper Authors: Yuhang Li, Yang Lu, Wei Chen, Bo Ai, Zhi Ding, Dusit Niyato

• FM-O-RAN (Sep 2025): FM-empowered Open Radio Access Network framework.

  Paper Title: Integrating Foundation Models with Open RAN for Robots-Based Mobile Scenarios

  Paper Authors: Longyu Zhou, Wenjiao Feng, Zonghang Li, Supeng Leng, Mohsen Guizani, Tony Q. S. Quek

• MUSE-FM (Aug 2025): Multi-task Environment-aware Foundation Model for Wireless Communications.

  Paper Title: MUSE-FM: Multi-task Environment-aware Foundation Model for Wireless Communications

  Paper Authors: Tianyue Zheng, Jiajia , Linglong Dai, Shi Jin, Jun Zhang

• ReQuestNet (Aug 2025): Foundational model for Channel Estimations.

  Paper Title: ReQuestNet: A Foundational Learning model for Channel Estimation

  Paper Authors: Kumar Pratik, Pouriya Sadeghi, Gabriele Cesa, Sanaz Barghi, Joseph B. Soriaga, Yuanning Yu, Supratik Bhattacharjee, Arash Behboodi

• WiFo-CF (Aug 2025): Accommodating heterogeneous configurations within LAMs.

  Paper Title: WiFo-CF: Wireless Foundation Model for CSI Feedback

  Paper Authors: Liu Xuanyu, Gao Shijian, Liu Boxun, Cheng Xiang, Yang Liuqing

• CFM (Jul 2025): tackle channel-related tasks through a pretrained, universal channel feature extractor.

  Paper Title: Towards channel foundation models (CFMs): Motivations, methodologies and opportunities

  Paper Authors: Jun Jiang, Yuan Gao, Xinyi Wu, Shugong Xu

• FM-Fi 2.0 (Jul 2025): Foundation Model for Cross-Modal Multi-Person Human Activity Recognition.

  Paper Title: FM-Fi 2.0: Foundation Model for Cross-Modal Multi-Person Human Activity Recognition

  Paper Authors: Yuxuan Weng; Tianyue Zheng; Yanbing Yang; Jun Luo

• EIT-SPT-FM (Jul 2025): Electromagnetic information theory-guided foundation model.

  Paper Title: kWireless AI Evolution: From Statistical Learners to Electromagnetic-Guided Foundation Models

  Paper Authors: Jian Xiao, Ji Wang, Kunrui Cao, Xingwang Li, Zhao Chen, Chau Yuen

• MAEPD (Jul 2025): A foundational model for distributed acoustic sensing signal recognition.

  Paper Title: A Foundation Model for DAS Signal Recognition and Visual Prompt Tuning of the Pre-trained Model for Downstream Tasks

  Paper Authors: Kun Gui, Hongliang Ren, Shang Shi, Jin Lu, Changqiu Yu, Quanjun Cao, min Gu, Qi Xuan

• ICWLM (Jul 2025): Multi-task LAM via in-Context learning.

  Paper Title: ICWLM: A Multi-Task Wireless Large Model via In-Context Learning

  Paper Authors: Yuxuan Wen, Xiaoming Chen, Maojun Zhang, Zhaoyang Zhang

• Foundation Model (Jul 2025): A foundation model for massive MIMO precoding.

  Paper Title: A Foundation Model for Massive MIMO Precoding with an Adaptive per-User Rate-Power Tradeoff

  Paper Authors: Jérôme Emery, Ali Hasanzadeh Karkan, Jean-François Frigon, François Leduc-Primeau

• FoundationModel (Jul 2025): A unified foundation model for multi-task prediction.

  Paper Title: A Wireless Foundation Model for Multi-Task Prediction

  Paper Authors: Yucheng Sheng, Jiacheng Wang, Xingyu Zhou, Le Liang, Hao Ye, Shi Jin, Geoffrey Ye Li

• IQFM (June 2025): Wireless Foundational Model for I/Q Streams.

  Paper Title: IQFM – A Wireless Foundational Model for I/Q Streams in AI-Native 6G

  Paper Authors: Omar Mashaal and Hatem Abou-Zeid

• WTR (May 2025): LAM for Wireless Technology Recognition and Localization.

  Paper Title: A Unified Foundation Model for Wireless Technology Recognition and Localization

  Paper Authors: Mohammad Cheraghinia, Eli De Poorter, Jaron Fontaine, Merouane Debbah, Adnan Shahid

• SpectrumFM (May 2025): LAM for spectrum management. Source code

  Paper Title: SpectrumFM: A Foundation Model for Intelligent Spectrum Management

  Paper Authors: Fuhui Zhou, Chunyu Liu, Hao Zhang, Wei Wu, Qihui Wu, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, Tony Q. S. Quek, Chan-Byoung Chae

• FoundationModel (May 2025): Multi-modal model designed to operate directly on communication data.

  Paper Title: Towards a Foundation Model for Communication Systems

  Paper Authors: Davide Buffelli, Sowmen Das, Yu-Wei Lin, Sattar Vakili, Chien-Yi Wang, Masoud Attarifar, Pritthijit Nath, Da-shan Shiu

• WavesFM (Apr 2025): ViT-based LAM for physical layer tasks with image-like wireless modalities.

  Paper Title: 6G WavesFM: A Foundation Model for Sensing, Communication, and Localization

  Paper Authors: Ahmed Aboulfotouh, Elsayed Mohammed, Hatem Abou-Zeid

• CSI-CLIP (Feb 2025): MIMO wireless channel foundation model.

  Paper Title: A MIMO Wireless Channel Foundation Model via CIR-CSI Consistency

  Paper Authors: Jun Jiang; Wenjun Yu; Yunfan Li; Yuan Gao; Shugong Xu

• WirelessGPT (Feb 2025): Multi-task model for communication and sensing.

  Paper Title: WirelessGPT: A Generative Pre-trained Multi-task Learning Framework for Wireless Communication

  Paper Authors: Tingting Yang, Ping Zhang, Mengfan Zheng, Yuxuan Shi, Liwen Jing, Jianbo Huang, Nan Li

• BERT4MIMO (Jan 2025): BERT for massive MIMO CSI prediction. Source code

  Paper Title: BERT4MIMO: A Foundation Model using BERT Architecture for Massive MIMO Channel State Information Prediction

  Paper Authors: Ferhat Ozgur Catak, Murat Kuzlu, Umit Cali

• Prompt-Enabled LAM (Jan 2025): Transformer-based LAM for CSI feedback with expert knowledge prompts.

  Paper Title: Prompt-Enabled Large AI Models for CSI Feedback

  Paper Authors: Jiajia , Yiming Cui, Chao-Kai Wen, Shi Jin

• ViT-enabled MSM (Nov 2024): a radio foundation model for spectrogram learning.

  Paper Title: Building 6G Radio Foundation Models with Transformer Architectures

  Paper Authors: Ahmed Aboulfotouh, Ashkan Eshaghbeigi, Hatem Abou-Zeid

• MSM FoundationModel (Nov 2024): pretraining foundational DL models on radio signals.

  Paper Title: Self-Supervised Radio Pre-training: Toward Foundational Models for Spectrogram Learning

  Paper Authors: Ahmed Aboulfotouh, Ashkan Eshaghbeigi, Dimitrios Karslidis, Hatem Abou-Zeid

• LWM (Nov 2024): Universal feature extractor for beam prediction and LoS/NLoS classification.

  Paper Title: Large Wireless Model (LWM): A Foundation Model for Wireless Channels

  Paper Authors: Sadjad Alikhani, Gouranga Charan, Ahmed Alkhateeb

• FM-Fi (Oct 2024): Foundation Model for Cross-Modal RF Human Activity Recognition.

  Paper Title: Large Model for Small Data: Foundation Model for Cross-Modal RF Human Activity Recognition

• TF-PT (Oct 2024): Foundation Model for 5G-based Indoor Localization.

  Paper Title: Radio Foundation Models: Pre-training Transformers for 5G-based Indoor Localization

  Paper Authors: Jonathan Ott, Jonas Pirkl, Maximilian Stahlke, Tobias Feigl, Christopher Mutschler

• SWiT (Feb 2023): Foundation Model for Wireless Localization.

  Paper Title: Self-Supervised and Invariant Representations for Wireless Localization

  Paper Authors: Artan Salihu, Stefan Schwarz, Markus Rupp

Pre-trained LAMs

• SecureISAC-LLM (July 2026): Large Language Model-Empowered User Association and Secure Beamforming

  Paper Title: Large Language Model-Empowered User Association and Secure Beamforming for Multi-Cell ISAC Networks

  Paper Authors: Chen Li; Fengchao Zhu; Ying Zhang; Feifei Gao

• [LSMs]https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11571121) (May 2026): GPT for Spectrum Activity Forecasting.

  Paper Title: Large Spectrum Models (LSMs): Decoder-Only Transformer-Powered Spectrum Activity Forecasting via Tokenized RF Data

  Paper Authors: Mohammad Mosiur Lunar; Mehmet C. Vuran

• CRS-LLM (Apr 2026): GPT for Cooperative Beam Prediction.

  Paper Title: CRS-LLM: Cooperative Beam Prediction with a GPT-Style Backbone and Switch-Gated Fusion

  Paper Authors: Fangzhi Li, Cunhua Pan, Hong Ren, Dongming Wang, Jiangzhou Wang

• MambaCSP (Apr 2026): Hardware-Efficient MambaCSP for Channel Prediction.

  Paper Title: MambaCSP: Hybrid-Attention State Space Models for Hardware-Efficient Channel State Prediction

  Paper Authors: Aladin Djuhera, Haris Gacanin, Holger Boche

• LLM-AUG (Apr 2026): LLM for Wireless Data Augmentation.

  Paper Title: LLM-AUG: Robust Wireless Data Augmentation with In-Context Learning in Large Language Models

  Paper Authors: Pranshav Gajjar、Manan Tiwari、Sayanta Seth、Vijay K. Shah

• LLM-Viterbi (Apr 2026): LLM for Decoding.

  Paper Title: LLM-Viterbi: Semantic-Aware Decoding for Convolutional Codes

  Paper Authors: Zhengtong Li, Chentao Yue, Jiafu Hao, Branka Vucetic, Yonghui Li

• LLM (Apr 2026): LLM for channel prediction.

  Paper Title: Enhancing 6G Wireless Intelligence: Do LLMs Work for CSI Prediction?

  Paper Authors: Mohsen Kazemian, Jürgen Jasperneite

• PC-LLM (March 2026): LLM for Power Control.

  Paper Title: Wireless Power Control Based on Large Language Models

  Paper Authors: Jiacheng Wang, Yucheng Sheng, Le Liang, Hao Ye, Shi Jin

• LLM-GWO (Feb 2026): LLM for Gray Wolf Optimization.

  Paper Title: Large Language Model-Based Gray Wolf Optimization for Near-Field ISAC Networks

  Paper Authors: Zhen Chen; Kezhi Wang; Jianqing Li; Xiu Yin Zhang; Kai-Kit Wong

• LLM multi-task (Jan 2026): LLM for Sensing-Aided Communication.

  Paper Title: Large Language Model-Enabled Sensing-Aided Communication

  Paper Authors: Jifa Zhang; Ruichen Zhang; Na Deng; Chengwen Xing; Nan Zhao; Dusit Niyato; Naofal Al-Dhahir; George K. Karagiannidis

• FTAlign-LLM (Jan 2026):LMM for channel predictionn Cell-Free mMIMO Systems.

  Paper Title: Large Language Model-Driven Channel Prediction in Cell-Free mMIMO Systems

  Paper Authors: Baolin Chong; Hancheng Lu; Dusit Niyato; Arumugam Nallanathan

• LMM-PS (Jan 2026):LMM for channel prediction and preemptive scheduling.

  Paper Title: Large Multimodal Model-Aided Scheduling for 6G Autonomous Communications

  Paper Authors: Sunwoo Kim, Byonghyo Shim

• LLM4XCE (Dec 2025):LMM for XL-MIMO channel estimation.

  Paper Title: LLM4XCE: Large Language Models for Extremely Large-Scale Massive MIMO Channel Estimation

  Paper Authors: Renbin Li, Shuangshuang Li, Peihao Dong

• MMSense (Dec 2025):Vision-based Foundation Model for Wireless Sensing.

  Paper Title: MMSense: Adapting Vision-based Foundation Model for Multi-task Multi-modal Wireless Sensing

  Paper Authors: Zhizhen Li, Xuanhao Luo, Xueren Ge, Longyu Zhou, Xingqin Lin, Yuchen Liu

• AutoMAS (Nov 2025):LLM for algorithm selection for wireless.

  Paper Title: AutoMAS: A Generic Multi-Agent System for Algorithm Self-Adaptation in Wireless Networks

  Paper Authors: Dingli Yuan, Jingchen Peng, Jie Fan, Boxiang Ren, Lu Yang, Peng Liu

• LLM4XCE (Nov 2025):LLM for XL-MIMO channel estimation.

  Paper Title: LLM4XCE: Large Language Models for Extremely Large-Scale Massive MIMO Channel Estimation

  Paper Authors: Renbin Li, Shuangshuang Li, Peihao Dong

• LLM4AMC (Nov 2025):LLM for Adaptive Modulation and Coding.

  Paper Title: LLM4AMC: Adapting Large Language Models for Adaptive Modulation and Coding

  Paper Authors: Xinyu Pan, Boxun Liu, Xiang Cheng, Chen Chen

• RadioSim Agent (Nov 2025):LLM as agents to perform ray-tracing simulation.

  Paper Title: RadioSim Agent: Combining Large Language Models and Deterministic EM Simulators for Interactive Radio Map Analysis

  Paper Authors: Sajjad Hussain, Conor Brennan

• LLM-PASS (Nov 2025):LLM-enabled beam training for PASS.

  Paper Title: LLM Enabled Beam Training for Pinching Antenna Systems (PASS)

  Paper Authors: Deqiao Gan, Xiaoxia Xu, Xiaohu Ge, Yuanwei Liu

• FM4Com (Nov 2025):Foundation Model for Scene-Adaptive Communication.

  Paper Title: FM4Com: Foundation Model for Scene-Adaptive Communication Strategy Optimization

  Paper Authors: Zhaoyang Li, Shangzhuo Xie, Qianqian Yang

• CP-GPT (Nov 2025):LLM for Channel Prediction.

  Paper Title: A Generative Pre-Trained Language Model for Channel Prediction in Wireless Communications Systems

  Paper Authors: Bo Lin, Huanming Zhang, Yuhua Jiang, Yucong Wang, Tengyu Zhang, Shaoqiang Yan, Hongyao Li, Yihong Liu, Feifei Gao

• LLM4PG (Nov 2025):LLM for Pathloss Map Generation.

  Paper Title: LLM4PG: Adapting Large Language Model for Pathloss Map Generation via Synesthesia of Machines

  Paper Authors: Mingran Sun, Lu Bai, Xiang Cheng, Jianjun Wu

• GPT2+FAS (Oct 2025):LLM for Port Selection and Beamformin.

  Paper Title: LLM-Based Port Selection and Beamforming for Multiuser MISO with Fluid Antenna Systems

  Paper Authors: Wei Guo; Kai Liang; Gan Zheng; Xiaoli Chu; Guorong Zhou; Kai-Kit Wong, Chan-Byoung Chae

• CNN-GPT2 (Oct 2025): CNN+GPT-2 for near field beam prediction.

  Paper Title: Large-Model AI for Near Field Beam Prediction: A CNN-GPT2 Framework for 6G XL-MIMO

  Paper Authors: Wang Liu, Cunhua Pan, Hong Ren, Wei Zhang, Cheng-Xiang Wang, Jiangzhou Wang

• CPLLM&BFLLM (Oct 2025): LLM for channel prediction and beamforming for LEO satellite communications.

  Paper Title: Large Language Model-Empowered Channel Prediction and Predictive Beamforming for LEO Satellite Communications

  Paper Authors: Zhixiong Chen, Hyundong Shin, Arumugam Nallanathan, Jonathon Chambers

• ChannelGPT (Oct 2025): LLM for wireless multitasking.

  Paper Title: ChannelGPT: A Large Model toward Real-World Channel Foundation Model for 6G Environment Intelligence Communication

  Paper Authors: Li Yu, Lianzheng Shi, Jianhua Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Yuxiang Zhang, Guangyi Liu

• LLM-Rx (Sep 2025): LLM for Pilot-Free OTFS Transceiver.

  Paper Title: LLM-Enhanced Pilot-Free OTFS Transceiver for High-Mobility Communications

  Paper Authors: Jiaming Cheng, Wei Chen, Bowen Yang, Bo Ai

• SignalLLM (Sep 2025): LLM for general purpose signal processing.

  Paper Title: SignalLLM: A General-Purpose LLM Agent Framework for Automated Signal Processing

  Paper Authors: Junlong Ke, Qiying Hu, Shenghai Yuan, Yuecong Xu, Jianfei Yang

• LLM4TS (Sep 2025): LLM for marine radar target detection.

  Paper Title: When marine radar target detection meets pretrained large language models

  Paper Authors: Qiying Hu, Linping Zhang, Xueqian Wang, Gang Li, Yu Liu, Xiao-Ping Zhang

• RadarLLM (Sep 2025): LLM for radar target detection.

  Paper Title: RadarLLM: Adapting Pretrained Large Language Models for Marine Radar Target Detection with Preference-aware Loss

  Paper Authors: Qiying Hu

• LPC-FT (Sep 2025): LLaMA for multipath generation via multi-modal sensory data.

  Paper Title: LLM4MG: Adapting Large Language Model for Multipath Generation via Synesthesia of Machines

  Paper Authors: Ziwei Huang, Shiliang Lu, Lu Bai, Xuesong Cai, and Xiang Cheng

• LLM4SAGSIN (Sep 2025): LLaMA for path prediction and semantic reconstruction.

  Paper Title: LLM-Enhanced Space-Air-Ground-Sea Integrated Networks

  Paper Authors: Halvin Yang, Sangarapillai Lambotharan, Mahsa Derakhshani, Lajos Hanzo

• LLM-CF (Sep 2025): LLM for CSI feedback exploiting temporal and bi-direction correlation.

  Paper Title: Large Language Model-based CSI Feedback for Massive MIMO Systems

  Paper Authors: Seokhyun Jeong, Jihoon Moon, Hokyung Kim, Hyunjun Kwon, Byonghyo Shim

• SCA-LLM (Sep 2025): LLM for Spectral-Attentive Channel Prediction.

  Paper Title: SCA-LLM: Spectral-Attentive Channel Prediction with Large Language Models in MIMO-OFDM

  Paper Authors: Ke He, Le He, Lisheng Fan, Xianfu Lei, Thang X. Vu, George K. Karagiannidis, Symeon Chatzinotas

• MLLM (Sep 2025): MLLM for prediction of communication link quality metric.

  Paper Title: Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Collaborative Spatial Perception via Multimodal Large Language Models

  Paper Authors: YKimia Ehsani and Walid Saad

• Port-LLM (Aug 2025): LLM for FAS configurations.

  Paper Title: Fluid Antenna Port Prediction based on Large Language Models

  Paper Authors: Yali Zhang, Haifan Yin, Weidong Li, Emil Bjornson, Merouane Debbah

• LLM+FAS (Aug 2025): LLM for FAS configurations.

  Paper Title: Integrating Large Language Models into Fluid Antenna Systems: A Survey

  Paper Authors: Tingsong Deng,Yan Gao,Tong Zhang, Mingjie Shao, Wanli Ni, and Hao Xu

• LLM-RIMSA (Aug 2025): LLM for RIS configurations.

  Paper Title: LLM-RIMSA: Large Language Models driven Reconfigurable Intelligent Metasurface Antenna Systems

  Paper Authors: Yunsong Huang, Hui-Ming Wang, Qingli Yan, Zhaowei Wang

• LLM4feedback+MoA (Jul 2025): LLM + Mixture-of-Agents (MoA) for CSI feedback.

  Paper Title: Leveraging Pre-Trained Large Language Models for CSI Feedback in Massive MIMO Systems

  Paper Authors: Yiming Cui, Jiajia , Chao-Kai Wen, Shi Jin, En Tong

• LVM4CSI (Jul 2025): ConvNeXt/DINO-X for CSI tasks including channel estimation, user localization, and sensing.

  Paper Title: LVM4CSI: Enabling Direct Application of Pre-Trained Large Vision Models for Wireless Channel Tasks

  Paper Authors: Jiajia , Peiwen Jiang, Chao-Kai Wen, Shi Jin, Jun Zhang

• M2BeamLLM (Jun 2025): Multimodal beam prediction with sensor data fusion.

  Paper Title: M2BeamLLM: Multimodal Sensing-empowered mmWave Beam Prediction with Large Language Models

  Paper Authors: Can Zheng, Jiguang He, Chung G. Kang, fa Cai, Zitong Yu, Merouane Debbah

• DeepForm (Jun 2025): LLM for communication system formulation.

  Paper Title: DeepForm: Reasoning Large Language Model for Communication System Formulation

  Paper Authors: Panlong Wu, Ting Wang, Yifei Zhong, Haoqi Zhang, Zitong Wang, Fangxin Wang

• LLM4beamforming&user association (Jun 2025): Discussing with LLM for joint user association and beamforming.

  Paper Title: Joint User Association and Beamforming Design for ISAC Networks with Large Language Models

  Paper Authors: Haoyun Li, Ming Xiao, Kezhi Wang, Robert Schober, Dong In Kim, Yong Liang Guan

• LLM4SG (May 2025): GPT-2 for LIDAR-to-scatterer mapping.

  Paper Title: LLM4SG: Large Language Models for Scatterer Generation via Synesthesia of Machines

  Paper Authors: Zengrui Han, Lu Bai, Ziwei Huang, Xiang Cheng

• CSI-ALM (May 2025): GPT-2 for channel prediction with semantic alignment.

  Paper Title: Bridging the Modality Gap: Enhancing Channel Prediction with Semantically Aligned LLMs and Knowledge Distillation

  Paper Authors: Zhaoyang Li, Qianqian Yang, Zehui Xiong, Zhi Shi, Tony Q. S. Quek

• FAS-LLM (May 2025): LLaMA for channel prediction in OTFS-enabled satellite-FAS links.

  Paper Title: FAS-LLM: Large Language Model-Based Channel Prediction for OTFS-Enabled Satellite-FAS Links

  Paper Authors: Halvin Yang, Sangarapillai Lambotharan, Mahsa Derakhshani

• SA-LLM4CP (May 2025): GPT-2 for sensing-assisted channel prediction.

  Paper Title: Sensing-Assisted Channel Prediction in Complex Wireless Environments: An LLM-Based Approach

  Paper Authors: Junjie He, Zixiang Ren, Jianping Yao, Han Hu, Tony Xiao Han, Jie Xu

• LVM4CF (May 2025): LLaMA for codebook-based CSI feedback.

  Paper Title: Extract the Best, Discard the Rest: CSI Feedback with Offline Large AI Models

  Paper Authors: Jialin Zhuang, Yafei Wang, Hongwei Hou, Yu Han, Wenjin Wang, Shi Jin, Jiangzhou Wang

• ASLLM (May 2025): GPT-2 for channel prediction in satellite communications.

  Paper Title: LLM Channel Prediction Method for TDD OTFS Low-Earth-Orbit Satellite Communication Systems

  Paper Authors: Yuxin You, Xinglong Jiang, Huijie Liu, Guang Liang

• LLM4Equalization (May 2025): GPT-2 for MIMO equalization.

  Paper Title: Large Sequence Model for MIMO Equalization in Fully Decoupled Radio Access Network

  Paper Authors: Kai Yu, Haibo Zhou, Yunting Xu, Zongxi Liu, Hongyang Du, Xuemin Shen

• IoX (May 2025): LLM for calling multiple wireless AI models.

  Paper Title: Model Context Protocol-based Internet of Experts For Wireless Environment-aware LLM Agents

  Paper Authors: Zongxi Liu, Hongyang Du

• BeamLLM (Mar 2025): GPT-2 for vision-assisted beam prediction.

  Paper Title: BeamLLM: Vision-Empowered mmWave Beam Prediction with Large Language Models

  Paper Authors: Can Zheng, Jiguang He, fa Cai, Zitong Yu, Chung G. Kang

• 2DLAM (Mar 2025): ImageGPT for joint delay-Doppler estimation.

  Paper Title: 2DLAM: Joint Delay-Doppler Estimation in UAV mmWave System via Large AI Model

  Paper Authors: Daixin Xie, Chenxi Liu, Wei Wang, Fengxian , Xiaoling Hu

• Port-LLM (Feb 2025): GPT-2 for port selection in fluid antenna systems.

  Paper Title: Port-LLM: A Port Prediction Method for Fluid Antenna based on Large Language Models

  Paper Authors: Yali Zhang, Haifan Yin, Weidong Li, Emil Bjornson,Merouane Debbah

• RadioLLM (Jan 2025): GPT-2 for cognitive radio-related multi-tasking.

  Paper Title: RadioLLM: Introducing Large Language Model into Cognitive Radio via Hybrid Prompt and Token Reprogrammings

  Paper Authors: Shuai Chen, Yong Zu, Zhixi Feng, Shuyuan Yang, Mengchang Li

• LLM4WM (Jan 2025): LoRA-style MoE for wireless multi-tasking.

  Paper Title: LLM4WM: Adapting LLM for Wireless Multi-Tasking

  Paper Authors: Xuanyu Liu, Shijian Gao, Boxun Liu, Xiang Cheng, Liuqing Yang

• LLM4feedback (Jan 2025): GPT-2 for CSI feedback.

  Paper Title: Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models for Massive MIMO CSI Feedback

  Paper Authors: Yiming Cui, Jiajia , Chao-Kai Wen, Shi Jin, En Tong

• Multi-task LLM (Dec 2024): LAM for multiple physical lauyer tasks: signal detection, precoding and channel prediction.

  Paper Title: Large Language Model Enabled Multi-Task Physical Layer Network

  Paper Authors: Tianyue Zheng, Linglong Dai

• BP-LLM (Aug 2024): GPT-2 for beam prediction with Prompt-as-prefix mechanism.
  Paper Title: Beam Prediction based on Large Language Models

  Paper Authors: Yucheng Sheng, Kai Huang, Le Liang, Peng Liu, Shi Jin, Geoffrey Ye Li

• LLM4CP (Jun 2024): GPT-2 for channel prediction with uplink-downlink CSI mapping. Paper Title: LLM4CP: Adapting Large Language Models for Channel Prediction

  Paper Authors: Boxun Liu, Xuanyu Liu, Shijian Gao, Xiang Cheng, Liuqing Yang

Special Issues

• Wireless Foundation Models for AI-native 6G and Beyond (Deadline: 15 May 2026): IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing. Guest editors: Le Liang，Jun Zhang, Chan-Byoung Chae, Lu Lu, Shugong Xu, Octavia A. Dobre, Geoffrey Ye Li.

• From Large AI Models to Agentic AI: A Road Map to 6G (Deadline: 31 March 2026): Tsinghua Science and Technology. Guest editors: Cunhua Pan, Feibo Jiang, Kezhi Wang, Marco DI RENZO, Dusit Niyato, and Ekram Hossain.

• Foundation Model Empowered Intelligent Networks at the AI-Native Edge (Deadline: 1 February 2026): IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering. Guest editors: Xiang Cheng, Sinem Coleri, Javier Gozalvez, Shijian Gao, and Bile Peng.

• Agentic AI for 6G Networks (Deadline: 15 February 2026): Digital Communications and Networks. Guest editors: Haotong Cao, Weiwei Jiang, Shahid Mumtaz, and Mohsen Guizani.

• Agentic AI for Communications and Networking with Embodied Intelligence (Deadline: 1 February 2026): IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking. Guest editors: Ruichen Zhang, Yonghui Li, Ping Wang, Merouane Debbah, and Sumei Sun.

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• Integrating Large Models and Edge Sensing in Next Generation Networks (Deadline: 31 December 2025): EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking. Guest editors: Peiyan Yuan, Tarik Taleb, Chenyang Wang, Chuan Sun, Xiaoqiang Zhu, and Xiaoyan Zha.

• Application of Large AI Models to 6G Wireless Communications (Deadline: 20 December 2025): IET Communications. Guest editors: Feibo Jiang, Jianhua He, Kezhi Wang, Wei Liang, Xiaomin Chen, and Xingqin Lin.

• Sustainable Large AI Models for Edge Intelligence (Deadline: 1 December 2025): IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence. Guest editors: Dusit Niyato, Ruichen Zhang, Qinghua Lu, Shiwen Mao,and Paolo Bellavista.

• From Large AI Models to Agentic AI: Toward Intelligent 6G Networks (Deadline: 1 December 2025): IEEE Wireless Communications. Guest editors: Feibo Jiang, Kezhi Wang, Guangyi Liu, Tony Q. S. Quek, and Xianbin Wang.

• Edge-Enabled Collaboration Between Large-scale and Lightweight Models in Sensor-Cloud Networks (Deadline: 1 October 2025): IEEE Network. Guest editors:Tian Wang, Yao Liu, Geyong Min, Nektarios Georgalas, and Yan Zhang.

• Large AI Models for the Internet of Everything (Deadline: 1 September 2025): IEEE Network. Guest editors: Feibo Jiang, Kezhi Wang, Xingqin Lin, Merouane Debbah, and Zhu Han.

• Large AI Models for Communications (Deadline: 31 July 2025): IEEE Communications Magazine. Guest editors: Kezhi Wang, Feibo Jiang, Merouane Debbah, and Zhu Han.

• Large AI Models for Future Wireless Communication Systems (Deadline: 15 May 2025): IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. Guest editors: Cunhua Pan, Feibo Jiang, Kezhi Wang, Pietro Michiardi, Octavia A. Dobre, Peiying Zhu, and Merouane Debbah.

• Generative AI and Large Language Models Enhanced 6G Wireless Communication and Sensing (Deadline: 28 February 2025): IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society. Guest editors: Jiacheng Wang, Geng Sun, Dusit Niyato, Hina Tabassum, Gabriel-Miro Muntean, and Nelson Fonseca.

• 6G in the Era of Large Models: Design, Applications and Beyond (Deadline: 31 October 2024): Digital Communications and Networks. Guest editors: Jianhui Lv, Byung-Gyu Kim, Keqin Li, Adam Slowik, and Yuhui Shi.

• Empowering Future Mobile Networks with Large Models (Deadline: 10 September 2024): IEEE Network. Guest editors: Yin Zhang, Xueli An, Maziar Nekovee, Jia Liu, Chau Yuen, and Yan Zhang.

• Edge Learning and Big AI Model in Wireless Communication and Networking (Deadline: 15 July 2024): Electronics . Guest editors: Zhaohui Yang, Zhiyang Li, and Wanli Ni.

Note

If there are any omissions in the collection of the above papers, please feel free to contact Jiajia Guo at jiajiaguo@seu.edu.cn.

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License.