Image of the game

How to play ?

Controls

Left racket :
Move up : Z
Move down : S

Right racket :
Move up : ↑
Move down : ↓

Toggle pause : Escape

How it works ?

Important

This project was made with Visual Studio 2022. You can find all he settings in the main.h file.
Therefore, you can change all the settings.

For instance, if you want to change the speed of the rackets, you need to change these values.

const float racketLSpeed{ 7.f };
const float racketRSpeed{ 7.f };

Note

racketL : Left racket
racketR : Right racket

Collision calculation

I used the Axis-Aligned Bounding Box (AABB) algorithm to calculate the intersections between the balls and the rackets or borders in 2D.

The boolean function : $f(A,B) = (A_{\text{minX}} \leq B_{\text{maxX}} \land A_{\text{maxX}} \geq B_{\text{minX}}) \land (A_{\text{minY}} \leq B_{\text{maxY}} \land A_{\text{maxY}} \geq B_{\text{minY}})$

// Collision with left racket
if (ballMinX <= racketLMaxX && ballMaxX >= racketLMinX &&
    ballMinY <= racketLMaxY && ballMaxY >= racketLMinY)
{
    const float racketMiddleY = racketLMinY + racketLHeight / 2.0f;

    if (ballMaxY >= racketMiddleY)
    {
        collisionObject = BottomRacketL;
    }
    else
    {
        collisionObject = TopRacketL;
    }
}
// Collision with right racket
else if (ballMinX <= racketRMaxX && ballMaxX >= racketRMinX &&
    ballMinY <= racketRMaxY && ballMaxY >= racketRMinY)
{
    const float racketMiddleY = racketRMinY + racketRHeight / 2.0f;

    if (ballMaxY >= racketMiddleY)
    {
        collisionObject = BottomRacketR;
    }
    else
    {
        collisionObject = TopRacketR;
    }
}

Note

If that interests you, you can read the article below.
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_collision_detection

Main settings

Window settings

// Window properties
const string GAME_TITLE{ "Pong" };
const unsigned int WINDOW_WIDTH{ 800 };
const unsigned int WINDOW_HEIGHT{ 600 };
const unsigned int FRAME_LIMIT{ 60 };

Warning

The frame limit influences game speed.

Game settings

// Game properties
const Color PLAYER_L_COLOR{ Color::Blue };
const Color PLAYER_R_COLOR{ Color::Red };
const Color BALL_COLOR{ Color::White };
const Player DEFAULT_PLAYER = PlayerRight;
const unsigned int MAX_SCORE{ 10 };
const float RACKET_L_SPEED{ 7.f };
const float RACKET_R_SPEED{ 7.f };
const float DEFAULT_BALL_SPEED{ 7.f };
// With each collision with a racket, the speed of the ball increases by this value
const float BALL_SPEED_INCREASE_VALUE{ 0.15f };

Volume

// Sound properties (Volume)
// Racket collision sound
const float RACKET_SOUND_VOLUME{ 10.f };
// Wall collision sound
const float WALL_SOUND_VOLUME{ 10.f };

Note

The volume is clamped between 0 and 100. There is no danger in changing it.

Racket properties

// Left racket properties
const unsigned int RACKET_L_WIDTH{ 16 };
const unsigned int RACKET_L_HEIGHT{ 80 };
const unsigned int DEFAULT_RACKET_L_POS_X{ 32 };
const unsigned int DEFAULT_RACKET_L_POS_Y{ (WINDOW_HEIGHT / 2) - (RACKET_L_HEIGHT / 2) };
// Minimum and maximum location of the racket
const unsigned int RACKET_L_MIN_POS_Y{ 0 };
const unsigned int RACKET_L_MAX_POS_Y{ WINDOW_HEIGHT - RACKET_L_HEIGHT };

// Right racket properties
const unsigned int RACKET_R_WIDTH{ 16 };
const unsigned int RACKET_R_HEIGHT{ 80 };
const unsigned int DEFAULT_RACKET_R_POS_X{ WINDOW_WIDTH - 32 - RACKET_R_WIDTH };
const unsigned int DEFAULT_RACKET_R_POS_Y{ (WINDOW_HEIGHT / 2) - (RACKET_R_HEIGHT / 2) };
// Minimum and maximum location of the racket
const unsigned int RACKET_R_MIN_POS_Y{ 0 };
const unsigned int RACKET_R_MAX_POS_Y{ WINDOW_HEIGHT - RACKET_R_HEIGHT };

Ball properties

// Ball properties
const float BALL_RADIUS{ 12.f };
// Default location of the ball
const unsigned int DEFAULT_BALL_POS_X{ static_cast<unsigned int>(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2.f - BALL_RADIUS / 2.f) };
const unsigned int DEFAULT_BALL_POS_Y{ static_cast<unsigned int>(WINDOW_HEIGHT / 2.f - BALL_RADIUS) };