Feat/various improvements

[SuperFola]

Description

• macros are always expanded at compile time and are now separate from runtime functions: len is runtime, $len is compile time
• builtin macros are typechecked at compile time
• added slice builtin

Checklist

• I have read the Contributor guide
• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have updated the documentation if needed (on https://github.com/ArkScript-lang/website, content/docs/)
• I have added tests that prove my fix/feature is working
• New and existing tests pass locally with my changes

[github-actions]

Static analysis report

Lizard report

Listing only functions with cyclomatic complexity >= 15 or NLOC >= 100 or parameters >= 6.

Filename	Start line:end line	Function name	Parameters	NLOC	CCN
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Processor.cpp	259:628	Ark::internal::MacroProcessor::evaluate	3	338	114
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Builtins.cpp	40:111	Ark::internal::Builtins::slice	1	62	32
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	841:932	Ark::internal::Parser::string	1	88	32
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	195:299	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::compileExpression	4	87	29
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Processor.cpp	107:191	Ark::internal::MacroProcessor::processNode	3	63	28
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	289:417	Ark::internal::Parser::import_	1	98	23
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	333:392	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::compileListInstruction	3	49	22
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	732:784	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::handleOperator	3	42	18
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Executors/Function.cpp	16:89	Ark::internal::FunctionExecutor::applyMacro	2	56	17
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	459:537	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::compileFunction	3	56	16
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	96:112	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::nodeProducesOutput	1	13	15
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Executors/Function.cpp	99:156	Ark::internal::FunctionExecutor::unify	5	50	15

Report about files you didn't modify in this PR

Filename	Start line:end line	Function name	Parameters	NLOC	CCN
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	408:2086	Ark::VM::safeRun	3	1406	276
src/arkreactor/Compiler/BytecodeReader.cpp	297:717	Ark::BytecodeReader::display	4	371	113
src/arkreactor/Error/Diagnostics.cpp	45:192	Ark::Diagnostics::makeContext	4	109	44
src/arkscript/JsonCompiler.cpp	27:276	JsonCompiler::_compile	1	214	38
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/NameResolutionPass.cpp	162:267	Ark::internal::NameResolutionPass::visitKeyword	3	85	35
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Node.cpp	179:285	Ark::internal::Node::repr	0	90	30
src/arkscript/main.cpp	23:327	main	2	259	29
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Node.cpp	287:368	Ark::internal::Node::debugPrint	1	70	26
src/arkreactor/TypeChecker.cpp	149:236	Ark::types::generateError	6	75	25
src/arkreactor/TypeChecker.cpp	32:147	Ark::types::displayContract	6	102	24
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/NameResolutionPass.cpp	56:160	Ark::internal::NameResolutionPass::visit	2	83	23
include/utf8.hpp	138:184	utf8::isValid	1	44	21
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Optimizer.cpp	33:83	Ark::internal::Optimizer::countAndPruneDeadCode	1	42	20
src/arkreactor/VM/Value/Value.cpp	77:142	Ark::Value::toString	2	52	20
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/StaticScope.cpp	68:109	Ark::internal::NamespaceScope::get	3	32	19
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	2239:2333	Ark::VM::backtrace	3	81	19
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	503:562	Formatter::formatCall	2	51	19
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	188:250	Formatter::format	3	59	18
include/Ark/Compiler/AST/Predicates.hpp	132:156	Ark::internal::IsSymbol::operator ( )	1	24	16
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	300:341	Formatter::formatFunction	2	35	16
src/arkreactor/VM/Debugger.cpp	146:206	Ark::internal::Debugger::prompt	2	54	15
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IROptimizer.cpp	22:265	Ark::internal::IROptimizer::IROptimizer	1	224	14
src/arkreactor/Error/Diagnostics.cpp	194:211	Ark::Diagnostics::helper	7	17	2

---

CppCheck report

Filename	Line	Type	Description
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Builtins.cpp	40	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const. However it seems that 'slice' is a callback function, if 'n' is declared with const you might also need to cast function pointer(s).

Report files about files you didn't modify in this PR

Filename	Line	Type	Description
include/Ark/VM/VM.inl	255	style	Variable 'maybe_value_ptr' can be declared as pointer to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Bytecode.cpp	23	style	Parameter 'vm' can be declared as pointer to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/IO.cpp	165	style	Consider using std::transform algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/BytecodeReader.cpp	477	style	struct member 'Arg::kind' is never used.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IROptimizer.cpp	254	style	Consider using std::transform algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IROptimizer.cpp	261	style	Consider using std::transform algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/ScopeResolver.cpp	134	style	Consider using std::find_if algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	282	error	Iterators of different containers 'm_execution_contexts.emplace_back(std::make_unique())' and 'm_execution_contexts.front()' are used together.
include/Ark/VM/Value/Future.hpp	50	style	Unused private function: 'Future::deleteSelfViaVM'
src/arkreactor/VM/Value/Future.cpp	23	performance	Variable 'm_value' is assigned in constructor body. Consider performing initialization in initialization list.

[coveralls]

coverage: 93.312% (-0.2%) from 93.464%
when pulling 832fcd4 on feat/various-improvements
into 672fb74 on dev.

[codspeed-hq]

Merging this PR will degrade performance by 1.92%

❌ 4 regressed benchmarks
✅ 14 untouched benchmarks

⚠️ Please fix the performance issues or acknowledge them on CodSpeed.

Performance Changes

	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Efficiency
❌	Welder - Big - 665 nodes[2]	49 ms	49.7 ms	-1.54%
❌	Welder - Bigger[3]	68.9 ms	69.9 ms	-1.5%
❌	Welder - Simple - 39 nodes[0]	1.1 ms	1.1 ms	-1.29%
❌	Welder - Medium - 83 nodes[1]	2 ms	2.1 ms	-1.92%

---

_{Comparing feat/various-improvements (832fcd4) with dev (672fb74)}

[github-actions]

Fuzzing report

/usr/local/bin/afl-whatsup status check tool for afl-fuzz by Michal Zalewski

Summary stats

    Fuzzers alive : 0
   Dead or remote : 1 (included in stats)
   Total run time : 5 minutes, 0 seconds
      Total execs : 35 thousands
 Cumulative speed : 118 execs/sec
    Pending items : 176 faves, 1413 total
 Coverage reached : 11.97%
    Crashes saved : 0
      Hangs saved : 0

Cycles without finds : 0
Time without finds : 0

[+] Captured 42878 tuples (map size 237584, highest value 255, total values 517780398) in '/dev/null'.
[+] A coverage of 42878 edges were achieved out of 237632 existing (18.04%) with 1422 input files.