chore(deps): bump Python dep floors to latest stable

[pratyush618]

Summary

Raises minimum-supported floors for Python deps in pyproject.toml. uv resolves the latest within each new floor (lockfile is gitignored, so this is a floor-only change). End users picking Python 3.10+ get the new floors at install time.

Dep	Before	After
pytest	>=7.0	>=8.0
pytest-asyncio	>=0.21	>=0.24
pytest-cov	>=4.0	>=5.0
ruff	>=0.8	>=0.11
mypy	>=1.13	>=1.15
fastapi	>=0.100.0	>=0.110.0
pydantic	>=2.0	>=2.5
django	>=3.2	>=4.2 (3.2 EOL April 2024)
flask	>=2.0	>=3.0
boto3	>=1.20	>=1.34
google-cloud-storage	>=2.0	>=2.10
maturin (build)	>=1.0,<2.0	>=1.5,<2.0

cloudpickle>=3.0 and the unpinned extras (otel, prometheus, sentry, msgpack, encryption) are unchanged.

Verification (local)

After uv lock --upgrade && uv sync --extra dev:

• uv run ruff check py_src/ tests/ — clean
• uv run ruff format --check py_src/ tests/ — 142 files already formatted
• uv run mypy py_src/taskito/ tests/python/ --no-incremental — 142 source files, no issues
• uv run python -m pytest tests/python/ — 465 passed, 9 skipped in 5m18s (9 skips are Windows-only tests, expected)

The new floors picked up these notable lockfile bumps along the way: ruff 0.15.6 → 0.15.12, mypy 1.19.1 → 1.20.2, pytest 9.0.2 → 9.0.3, pydantic 2.12.5 → 2.13.3, sentry-sdk 2.54.0 → 2.58.0, starlette 0.52 → 1.0.0.

Test plan

• CI: lint job (ruff + mypy) green
• CI: full Python test matrix (Linux 3.10/3.11/3.12/3.13, macOS 3.10/3.13, Windows 3.10/3.13) green