Backport #68733 to 24.8: Write metadata to disk and keeper in the same format

[robot-ch-test-poll4]

Original pull-request #68733
Cherry-pick pull-request #69809

This pull-request is a last step of an automated backporting.
Treat it as a standard pull-request: look at the checks and resolve conflicts.
Merge it only if you intend to backport changes to the target branch, otherwise just close it.

[robot-clickhouse]

This is an automated comment for commit fcd4eef with description of existing statuses. It's updated for the latest CI running

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Successful checks

Check name	Description	Status
Builds	There's no description for the check yet, please add it to tests/ci/ci_config.py:CHECK_DESCRIPTIONS	✅ success
Compatibility check	Checks that clickhouse binary runs on distributions with old libc versions. If it fails, ask a maintainer for help	✅ success
Docker keeper image	The check to build and optionally push the mentioned image to docker hub	✅ success
Docker server image	The check to build and optionally push the mentioned image to docker hub	✅ success
Install packages	Checks that the built packages are installable in a clear environment	✅ success
Stateful tests	Runs stateful functional tests for ClickHouse binaries built in various configurations -- release, debug, with sanitizers, etc	✅ success
Stateless tests	Runs stateless functional tests for ClickHouse binaries built in various configurations -- release, debug, with sanitizers, etc	✅ success
Stress test	Runs stateless functional tests concurrently from several clients to detect concurrency-related errors	✅ success