Backport #92209 to 25.12: bugfix(udf): Capture complete stderr before throwing exception

[robot-ch-test-poll]

Original pull-request #92209
Cherry-pick pull-request #95758

This pull-request is a last step of an automated backporting.
Treat it as a standard pull-request: look at the checks and resolve conflicts.
Merge it only if you intend to backport changes to the target branch, otherwise just close it.

The PR source

The PR is created in the CI job

[clickhouse-gh]

Workflow [BackportPR], commit [80182ba]

Summary: ❌

job_name	test_name	status	info	comment
Integration tests (amd_asan, db disk, old analyzer, 1/6)		failure
	test_ttl_replicated/test.py::test_ttl_compatibility[node_left1-node_right1-1]	FAIL	cidb
	test_rename_column/test.py::test_rename_distributed_parallel_insert_and_select	FAIL	cidb
	test_broken_projections/test.py::test_broken_ignored	FAIL	cidb
	test_storage_delta/test.py::test_replicated_database_and_unavailable_s3[0]	FAIL	cidb
	test_storage_delta/test.py::test_session_token	FAIL	cidb
	test_storage_delta/test.py::test_rename_and_add_column[]	FAIL	cidb
	test_storage_delta/test.py::test_rename_and_add_column[name]	FAIL	cidb
	test_storage_delta/test.py::test_alter_column_type	FAIL	cidb
	test_storage_delta/test.py::test_column_pruning	FAIL	cidb
	test_storage_delta/test.py::test_snapshot_version	FAIL	cidb
	18 more test cases not shown
Integration tests (amd_asan, db disk, old analyzer, 3/6)		failure
	test_throttling/test.py::test_read_throttling[user_remote_throttling]	FAIL	cidb