Adding query_id to V2 client

[Paultagoras]

Summary

Checklist

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• Unit and integration tests covering the common scenarios were added
• A human-readable description of the changes was provided to include in CHANGELOG
• For significant changes, documentation in https://github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-docs was updated with further explanations or tutorials

[Paultagoras]

@chernser So I changed things around a bit so that queryId is a more explicit method and just stored as a string - I'd like to avoid overcomplicating things if we can, since that led to weird places in V1

[chernser]

@Paultagoras Thank you for the change!