New Java Concept & Terms: Output, .print,.println(),.printf()

content/java/concepts/output/output.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+Title: 'Output'
+Description: 'The System.out stream allows a Java program to output characters to the console.'
+Subjects:
+  - 'Computer Science'
+Tags:
+  - 'Characters'
+  - 'Output'
+  - 'Strings'
+  - 'Print'
+CatalogContent:
+  - 'learn-java'
+  - 'paths/computer-science'
+---
+
+The **`System.out`** stream allows a Java program to output characters to the console. It has several methods that allow printing output. Some of the significant ones are listed below.

content/java/concepts/output/terms/print/print.md

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+---
+Title: '.print()'
+Description: 'Prints its argument to the console.'
+Subjects:
+  - 'Computer Science'
+Tags:
+  - 'Characters'
+  - 'Output'
+  - 'Strings'
+  - 'Print'
+CatalogContent:
+  - 'learn-java'
+  - 'paths/computer-science'
+---
+
+The **`.print()`** method prints its argument to the console. Unlike the similar [`.println()`](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/java/output/println) method, `.print()` does not follow its argument with a new line, and any subsequent characters sent to the console will begin wherever the prior `.print()` command left off.
+
+## Syntax
+
+```pseudo
+System.out.print(argument);
+```
+
+The `argument` passed to the `print()` method will be displayed on the console.
+
+## Example
+
+The following example prints some content to the console (Note: if there is to be any spacing between uses of `.print()` it must be accounted for in the arguments.):
+
+```java
+public class PrintExample {
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+    System.out.print("Output");
+    System.out.print(123.456);
+    System.out.print(true);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+This results in the output:
+
+```shell
+Output123.456true
+```

content/java/concepts/output/terms/printf/printf.md

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+---
+Title: '.printf()'
+Description: 'Prints output to the console using various formatting commands.'
+Subjects:
+  - 'Computer Science'
+Tags:
+  - 'Characters'
+  - 'Output'
+  - 'Strings'
+  - 'Print'
+CatalogContent:
+  - 'learn-java'
+  - 'paths/computer-science'
+---
+
+The **`.printf()`** method prints output to the console with the use of various formatting commands.
+
+## Syntax
+
+```pseudo
+System.out.printf(formatstring, arg1, arg2, ... argN);
+```
+
+Where `formatstring` is a string containing various format commands defining how to print an arbitrary number of additional arguments, `arg1, arg2, ... argN`. The format string contains text which is rendered as it appears in the string and format specifiers that output an argument in a specified format.
+
+### Format Specifiers
+
+Format specifiers obey the following sequence:
+
+```pseudo
+%[index$][flags][width][.precision]conversion-character
+```
+
+The elements in square brackets (`[...]`) are optional.
+
+`index$` is a number followed by `$` which specifies the index of the argument being formatted. The default is to format arguments in the order they appear.
+
+`flags` can contain one or more of the following characters:
+
+- `-`: Left-justify. Defaults to right-justify.
+- `+`: For numerical values display a leading `+` or `-`.
+- `0`: Zero-pad numerical values (blank padding is the default).
+- `,`: Use a comma grouping separator for numerical values (i.e., 1,000,000).
+- A space will show a leading `-` for negative numbers or a space for positive numbers.
+
+`width` is a number representing the minimum width used for outputting characters.
+
+`precision` is a number representing the number of digits used to the right of the decimal for floating point numbers, or the length of a substring to extract from a string.
+
+`conversion-characters` are one of the following:
+
+- `b`: Boolean value.
+- `B`: Boolean value, uppercase.
+- `c`: Unicode character.
+- `C`: Unicode character, force uppercase.
+- `d`: Decimal integer.
+- `f`: Floating-point number.
+- `h`: Hashcode.
+- `n`: Newline character, platform specific.
+- `s`: String.
+- `S`: String, force uppercase.
+- `t`: Time/date formatting.
+
+The `t` time/date character is followed by one of the following characters to extract parts of a datetime value:
+
+- `T`: Time in hh:mm:ss format.
+- `H`: Hour.
+- `M`: Minute.
+- `S`: Second.
+- `L`: Millisecond.
+- `N`: Nanosecond.
+- `p`: A.M./P.M.
+- `z`: Time zone offset.
+- `A`: Full day of the week.
+- `d`: Two digit day of the month.
+- `B`: Full month name.
+- `m`: Two-digit month.
+- `Y`: Four-digit year.
+- `y`: Last two digits of year.
+
+## Example
+
+The following example uses `.printf()` to format various types of output.
+
+```java
+import java.util.*;
+
+public class PrintExample {
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+    System.out.printf("This is a string: '%10s'%n", "Output");
+    System.out.printf("This is a float: %+.2f%n", 123.456);
+    Date date = new Date();
+    System.out.printf("This is a date: %1$tA, %1$tB %1$td %1$tY %n", date);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+This will produce the following output (with the current date):
+
+```shell
+This is a string: '    Output'
+This is a float: +123.46
+This is a date: Saturday, June 11 2022
+```

content/java/concepts/output/terms/println/println.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+---
+Title: '.println()'
+Description: 'Prints its argument to the console followed by a new line.'
+Subjects:
+  - 'Computer Science'
+Tags:
+  - 'Characters'
+  - 'Output'
+  - 'Strings'
+  - 'Print'
+CatalogContent:
+  - 'learn-java'
+  - 'paths/computer-science'
+---
+
+The **`.println()`** method prints its argument to the console follwed by a new line. It is probably the most common method of displaying output to the console.
+
+## Syntax
+
+```pseudo
+System.out.println(argument);
+```
+
+The `argument` will be displayed on the console, followed by a new line.
+
+## Example
+
+The following example prints some content to the console.
+
+```java
+public class PrintExample {
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+    System.out.println("Output");
+    System.out.println(123.456);
+    System.out.println(true);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+This results in the output:
+
+```shell
+Output
+123.456
+true
+```