feat add course plan

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Note

Adds full C++ course documentation: expanded doc/README.md and 11 detailed lesson files with theory, practice, and assignments.

• Documentation:
  • Course overview: Expanded doc/README.md with course structure, program blocks, study workflow, resources (docs, books, videos, communities), tooling (compilers/IDE/debug/build), code formatting, project structure, and license.
  • Lessons (11 files):
    • Added doc/lesson_01.md … doc/lesson_11.md covering: basics, types/variables, practice sets, functions/pointers, arrays/strings, practice on functions/arrays, control flow, dynamic memory, practice on algorithms/DS, structs/classes, and OOP practice (inheritance/polymorphism); includes theory, examples, tasks, and homework.

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[github-actions]

clang-tidy review says "All clean, LGTM! 👍"

[cursor]

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[cursor]

Bug: Broken Assignment-Task File Numbering

The assignment numbering is inconsistent with the corresponding task file names. Assignment 1 maps to task_02, Assignment 2 to task_03, Assignment 3 to task_04, and Assignment 4 to task_01. This creates confusion as students would naturally expect Assignment N to correspond to task_N. The median task being labeled as Assignment 4 but stored in task_01 is particularly misleading.