Add robust Kalman model wrapper tests

[FlorianPfaff]

Summary

Clean replacement for the stale/non-mergeable PRs #1994 and #2001.

main already contains the robust linear-Gaussian update implementation and scale helpers. This PR adds the remaining pieces without touching the conflicted lower-level implementation:

• KalmanFilter.update_model_robust(...)
• regression tests for robust linear-Gaussian update behavior
• coverage for Student-t and Huber downweighting, gate rejection, update_linear_robust(...), and update_model_robust(...)

Validation

Not run in this environment.

[github-actions]

Test Results

    12 files  +    12      12 suites  +12   2h 19m 16s ⏱️ + 2h 19m 16s
 1 506 tests + 1 506   1 506 ✅ + 1 506      0 💤 ±    0  0 ❌ ±0 
18 532 runs  +18 532  14 748 ✅ +14 748  3 784 💤 +3 784  0 ❌ ±0 

Results for commit 948ba91. ± Comparison against base commit 268d330.

♻️ This comment has been updated with latest results.

[github-actions]

✅MegaLinter analysis: Success

Descriptor	Linter	Files	Fixed	Errors	Warnings	Elapsed time
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✅ JSON	prettier	2	0	0	0	0.51s
✅ JSON	v8r	2		0	0	2.97s
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✅ PYTHON	black	508	5	0	0	13.0s
✅ PYTHON	flake8	508		0	0	4.51s
✅ PYTHON	isort	508	8	0	0	0.92s
✅ PYTHON	mypy	508		0	0	6.27s
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✅ PYTHON	ruff	508	8	0	0	0.1s
✅ REPOSITORY	checkov	yes		no	no	20.92s
✅ REPOSITORY	gitleaks	yes		no	no	12.34s
✅ REPOSITORY	git_diff	yes		no	no	0.07s
✅ REPOSITORY	secretlint	yes		no	no	9.4s
✅ REPOSITORY	syft	yes		no	no	3.33s
✅ REPOSITORY	trivy-sbom	yes		no	no	3.65s
✅ REPOSITORY	trufflehog	yes		no	no	20.76s
✅ YAML	prettier	5	0	0	0	0.54s
✅ YAML	v8r	5		0	0	5.09s
✅ YAML	yamllint	5		0	0	0.46s

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