Validate linear update planning scalars

[FlorianPfaff]

Summary

• validate linear-update planning scalar inputs before comparisons and robust scale calculations
• reject NaN/inf, booleans, non-scalar arrays, and fractional measurement dimensions in gating and robust update helpers
• add regression coverage for invalid gate thresholds, measurement dimensions, robust scaling inputs, and Student-t degrees of freedom

Root cause

Several public helpers used bare float(...)/int(...) conversion and positivity checks. NaN values pass <= 0 checks by making comparisons false, and fractional or boolean dimensions could be coerced into valid-looking chi-square degrees of freedom.

Tests

• py -3.12 -m pytest -q tests\filters\test_linear_update_planning.py tests\test_linear_gaussian_robust.py tests\filters\test_robust_linear_gaussian_update.py
• py -3.12 -m ruff check src tests
• git diff --check
• git diff --cached --check

[github-actions]

✅MegaLinter analysis: Success

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✅ JSON	v8r	7		0	0	6.15s
✅ MARKDOWN	markdownlint	66	0	0	0	1.74s
✅ MARKDOWN	markdown-table-formatter	66	0	0	0	0.99s
✅ PYTHON	black	771	0	0	0	40.61s
✅ PYTHON	isort	771	1	0	0	6.67s
✅ REPOSITORY	checkov	yes		no	no	46.54s
✅ REPOSITORY	gitleaks	yes		no	no	12.52s
✅ REPOSITORY	git_diff	yes		no	no	0.15s
✅ REPOSITORY	secretlint	yes		no	no	22.12s
✅ REPOSITORY	syft	yes		no	no	4.72s
✅ REPOSITORY	trivy-sbom	yes		no	no	7.87s
✅ REPOSITORY	trufflehog	yes		no	no	21.79s
✅ YAML	prettier	11	0	0	0	0.76s
✅ YAML	v8r	11		0	0	10.97s
✅ YAML	yamllint	11		0	0	0.58s

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