AcademicTranscripts (Core Execution & API Specification)

Overview

AcademicTranscripts is a command-line driven Java system for incremental construction and validation of a student's academic record. The program processes a sequential command stream and maintains a mutable transcript state, updating and printing results after each valid operation.

The system enforces strict input validation, bounded state constraints, and deterministic GPA computation.

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Execution Model

Entry Point

public static void main(String[] args)

The program interprets args as a linear instruction stream, where commands are executed in-order under a stateful transcript model.

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Command Grammar

1. Declare Major

declareMajor <MAJ>

Preconditions

• args.length ≥ 2
• <MAJ> must satisfy department validity constraints

Failure Modes

• Missing argument:

  Invalid declareMajor command. Major not provided.
  

• Invalid department:

  Invalid major: <MAJ>
  

Semantics

• Initializes transcript state with declared major
• Establishes major-specific aggregation domain

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2. Add Grade

addGrade <DEPT> <GRADE> <CREDITS>

Arity Constraint

• Requires exactly 3 arguments

Failure Modes

• Missing parameters:

  Invalid addGrade command. Department, grade, and/or credits not provided.
  

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Validation Layer

Department Validation

A department is valid iff:

[ |department| = 3 \land department \neq \emptyset ]

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Grade Validation

Valid grades form a finite ordered set:

[ {A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C-, D+, D, D-, F} ]

Each grade maps to a grade-point value via a deterministic function:

getGradePoints(String grade)

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Credit Constraints

[ credits \in {1,2,3,4} ]

Additionally:

[ \text{Current Semester Credits} \leq 18 ]

Violation

Cannot add grade. Maximum credits allowed per semester is 18.

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State Model

The system maintains the following state variables:

Variable	Description
total_credits	Cumulative credits across all semesters
semester_credits	Credits in current semester
major_credits	Credits within declared major
GPA	Global GPA
semester_GPA	GPA for current semester
major_GPA	GPA restricted to major
major	Declared department

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Operational Semantics

addGrade(...)

Preconditions

• Major must be declared
• Input must pass isAddGradeValid(...)

Validation Pipeline

1. Validate department
2. Validate grade
3. Validate credits
4. Check semester credit bound

Effects

• Updates:

  • total_credits
  • semester_credits
  • GPA
  • semester_GPA

• Conditional:

  • If department == major:

    • Update major_credits
    • Update major_GPA

Output

Grade added: <DEPT> <GRADE> <CREDITS>

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startNewSemester(...)

Semantics

• Resets:

  • semester_credits ← 0
  • semester_GPA ← 0

• Preserves:

  • Global GPA
  • Total credits
  • Major statistics

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GPA Computation

General Formula

[ GPA = \frac{\sum (grade_points_i \cdot credits_i)}{\sum credits_i} ]

Implemented via:

getGpa(double gradePoints, int credits)

Specialized Variants

• getCurrentSemesterGPA(...)
• getMajorGPA(...)

All follow weighted average semantics.

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Transcript Output

Format

==========
Total Credits: <int>
Overall GPA: <double>
Current Semester Credits: <int>
Current Semester GPA: <double>
Major: <string>
Major Credits: <int>
Major GPA: <double>
==========