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Hardware: RF & Wireless Technology

Hiktron edited this page Dec 9, 2025 · 3 revisions

Hardware: RF & Wireless Technology Overview

HIZMOS is built around a multi‑radio architecture that combines several specialized transceivers, giving it capabilities far beyond typical hobby devices. Each module is selected to cover a different band, modulation type, or protocol, enabling advanced testing, analysis, and educational experimentation in RF systems.

# 1. Dual GT24 Mini Modules (2.4GHz Long‑Range Transceivers)

HIZMOS includes two GT24 Mini modules — compact 2.4GHz digital transceivers designed for long‑range, low‑latency communication.

Technical Highlights

Frequency: 2400–2483 MHz

Modulation: GFSK

Output Power: Up to 20dBm (with proper regulation)

Range: Up to ~1.5 km with 6dBi antennas

SPI interface for fast MCU communication

High‑speed packet engine for real‑time apps

Why two modules?

Two GT24 modules allow:

Full duplex tests

Monitoring a channel while transmitting on another

Custom mesh networks

Device‑to‑device long‑range links (HIZMOS ↔ HIZMOS)

These modules are extremely useful for STEM wireless experiments, like building your own:

Remote sensors

Robot control links

RF data protocols

Packet‑level analyzers (legally, with your own devices)

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2. Dual CC1101 Modules (Sub‑1GHz RF Transceivers)

HIZMOS integrates two CC1101 chips, the gold standard for sub‑GHz experimentation.

Technical Highlights

Frequencies: 315, 433, 868, 915 MHz

Modulation: ASK, FSK, GFSK, OOK

Excellent sensitivity (up to –110 dBm)

Configurable bandwidth from 58 kHz to 812 kHz

Low‑power mode for battery‑driven projects

Why two CC1101 chips?

Security researchers often need:

A dedicated receiver

A dedicated transmitter

Channel monitoring

Simultaneous capture & injection

RF replay labs

In labs, professionals use these setups to:

Study wireless key fobs

Evaluate rolling code robustness

Analyze custom RF protocols

Build controlled RF simulations

Important: Real‑world car keys use encryption/rolling codes. HIZMOS is designed for research on your own devices, not unauthorized interception.

3. Full IR System — TX & RX

HIZMOS includes a high‑power IR LED (transmit) and wide‑band IR photodiode (receive).

Technical Highlights

Supports 38kHz carrier (Sony, NEC, etc.)

Works with modulated & raw IR signals

Can log IR bursts for educational protocol analysis

Can replay signals for controlling your own devices

IR is a great STEM tool for learning:

Carrier modulation

Envelope detection

Manchester encoding

Remote control protocols

4. NFC + 125kHz: Dual‑Band Proximity System

HIZMOS includes:

PN532 → 13.56 MHz (NFC A/B/F, MIFARE, ISO14443)

125kHz module → LF cards (emulation + reading for compatible formats)

Engineering Power

Multiple read modes

Field strength measurement

Signal modulation tests

Card emulation for your own badges and projects

This allows you to experiment with:

RFID systems

Access control prototypes

Custom card formats

Digital identity labs

5. 5GHz Wi‑Fi & 2.4GHz Wi‑Fi (ESP32‑S3)

The onboard ESP32-S3 brings:

2.4GHz WiFi b/g/n (esp07)

5GHz WiFi (bw16)

Full packet-level monitoring

High‑speed BLE 5.0

Technical Power

Packet injection (in controlled lab environments)

Frame analysis

Beacon & probe exploration

RSSI mapping

Low‑latency handshake measurement

About deauthentication / handshake tools

These are standard features in:

Network security courses

Wi-Fi penetration testing labs

Router robustness testing

6. ESP32‑S3 N16R8 (Main MCU)

The MCU powering HIZMOS provides:

Dual-core Tensilica LX7 at 240MHz

16MB flash, 8MB PSRAM

AI instructions (vector ops)

Dedicated DMA engines for high-speed RF data movement

USB OTG

SPI/I2C/UART/CAN

This makes the device capable of:

Real‑time RF analysis

FFT and signal processing

Multi-threaded protocol decoding

Fast packet buffering

7. Modularity: Hats, Add‑ons & Hardware Expansion

HIZMOS exposes:

GPIO

SPI

I2C

UART

CAN

+5V, +3.3V rails

This enables:

5GHz radio hats

LF/HF RFID antennas

SDR-lite experiments

Sensor packs

Motor/servo control hats

You can expand HIZMOS endlessly with new modules.