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How to Spot a Deepfake
Deepfake is a technology based on artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep learning, that is used to manipulate images, videos, or audio so they appear to show someone doing or saying something that never actually happened.
Deepfake technology uses deep learning algorithms such as:
- Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs): This involves two neural networks competing with each other — one generates fake content, and the other tries to detect whether it's fake. Over time, the generated content becomes increasingly realistic.
- Autoencoders: These are used to learn and reconstruct a person’s face, and then overlay it onto someone else’s face in a video.
Examples of Deepfake
- Video: A celebrity’s face is placed onto another person’s body, making it look like they’re doing or saying something they never did.
- Audio: A person’s voice is mimicked to create fake recordings.
- Image: A person’s face is realistically inserted into a photo.
Deepfake can mimic other people, such as your facial image, gestures, voice, skin texture, and other features. Let's take an example your face or photo is indexed by a search engine, then a hacker takes your photo and uses it as a dataset for creating your deepfake, whether static or dynamic in real-time. Such deepfakes can be used by fraudsters for identity theft, bypassing facial verification, and other activities such as money laundering, illegal goods transactions, or hacking.
Propaganda or fake news, the creation of propaganda content in today's era has made it much easier to produce compared to traditional methods. Let's take example. in Indonesia (I'm not surprised) – there are still a significant number of people who believe in deepfake content or AI-generated content. During elections, presidential campaigns, or when the president meets with Prime Minister A to take geopolitical actions, or AI-generated content containing global obligations or other matters, this is highly ironic. Additionally, other issues such as creating fake videos to manipulate public opinion, fundraising, and making money—such as monetizing social media accounts to generate high traffic and earn money—are equally ironic.
Weapons or military equipment. During times of war, such as in Ukraine and Russia, Israel and Palestine, there is a lot of deepfake content, such as fake weapon videos, missile attacks, air defense, and other things, even though this content has been created with AI by taking examples from video games. There are many semi-realistic war games, and it is very difficult for the general public to distinguish whether it is from a video game or AI. However, in this case, I rarely come across it, but there are times when I frequently find such content, such as game video clips being used as war documentation. For example, you can search for it on social media. There is a examnple again from deepfake, often come across deepfakes being used as weapons of war, such as for opinion manipulation and propaganda, or fake war footage generated by AI or from video games, which are then uploaded to social media. Although it seems rare for video game footage to be used in war contexts, I have encountered such cases.
Identity theft, this is the same as the fraudster in point one, but in this point I will explain again about identity theft, with deepfake you can easily generate other people's faces to take over other people or manipulate the public for personal gain. And they will use your photos and videos that are spread on the internet then they will generate and become your persona, this will have a bad impact because you will be the one who will happen, let's take an example, for example if you want to enter a room you have to do a face scan, well they can do video injection or create images with your face, 3D masks and others to verify then they do bad things in your name, although this seems like a rare example but sometimes this potential can be used for identity theft.
Piracy, for this point I don't know much about the law and what the law is like in AI, but in my opinion AI can imitate as I explained above, with the existing dataset so they take content from images and other things for AI material in analyzing data and machine learning, for example AI can generate facial videos from all over the world, where does the data come from? Then take HAKI (Intellectual Property Rights) or imitate other people's images without permission and other things. Although this is not necessarily piracy, in my opinion AI can be used for piracy with a certain context of purpose such as harming others
Deepfake still has gaps in the process of creating images, for example small details, buildings and accessories and colors and textures or complex details, while I tried to do the prompt myself using chat GPT or Gemini, sometimes the AI missed something, for example a missing finger, unsynchronized mouth movements and still stiff, but sometimes I see posts on Facebook and other platforms that are almost perfect but still have gaps in small details such as accessories, shadows and textures on the clothes they wear. There is also a stiff and strange sounding voice access, but for lay people who don't know this, it will be difficult to differentiate it