Adapt to pandas 3.0

[tramora]

• For python 3.10, 2.3.3 is still used but with the new pandas StringDtype enabled
• For python 3.11+, the later 3.0.0+ versions are used

Fixes #536

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TODO Before Asking for a Review

• Rebase your branch to the latest version of main (or main-v10)
• Make sure all CI workflows are green
• When adding a public feature/fix: Update the Unreleased section of CHANGELOG.md (no date)
• Self-Review: Review "Files Changed" tab and fix any problems you find
• API Docs (only if there are changes in docstrings, rst files or samples):
  • Check the docs build without warning: see the log of the API Docs workflow
  • Check that your changes render well in HTML: download the API Docs artifact and open index.html
  • If there are any problems it is faster to iterate by building locally the API Docs

[popescu-v]

See the remaining comments.

[folmos-at-orange]

LGTM.

I would change the README for the minimum versions though (or eliminate that section).

[popescu-v]

One single remaining pending change (see the comment).