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@@ -15,32 +15,32 @@ Prepostscript (PPS): This post will be updated when more knowledge of linear al
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## Introduction:
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You may have noticed that **Linear Algebra** is a term composed by _Linear_ + _Algebra_. So let's start by defining what is each of the two terms. An _algebra_ it's the union of a **set of objects** and a **set of rules** that applies to that objects. Etymologically the word _Algebra_ comes from the title of the book [_Ilm al-jabr wa l-muqābala_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Compendious_Book_on_Calculation_by_Completion_and_Balancing), '_The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing_', by the Persian mathematician [al-Khwarizmi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Musa_al-Khwarizmi), also, the word _Algorithm_ derivates from his name, so you can imagine that he was an influential mathematician. The word _Linear_ refers to that what we are traying to solve using those set of objects and rules are **Linear systems**. Systems of equations where those equations are of first order, the maximum degree of the variables is equal to one, so in $$\mathbb R^2$$ (in the plane) we have straight lines, in $$ \mathbb R ^3$$ (in a space) we have a plane.
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You may have noticed that **Linear Algebra** is a term composed by _Linear_ + _Algebra_. So let's start by defining what is each of the two terms. An _algebra_ it's the union of a **set of objects** and a **set of rules** that applies to that objects. Etymologically the word _Algebra_ comes from the title of the book [_Ilm al-jabr wa l-muqābala_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Compendious_Book_on_Calculation_by_Completion_and_Balancing), '_The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing_', by the Persian mathematician [al-Khwarizmi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Musa_al-Khwarizmi), also, the word _Algorithm_ derivates from his name, so you can imagine that he was an influential mathematician. The word _Linear_ refers to that what we are traying to solve using those set of objects and rules are **Linear systems**. Systems of equations where those equations are of first order, the maximum degree of the variables is equal to one, so in $\mathbb R^2$ (in the plane) we have straight lines, in $\mathbb R ^3$ (in a space) we have a plane.
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Those objects in our case, in ML, will be **vectors**, elements of $$\mathbb R ^n$$ (tuples of $$n$$ real numbers). For example, $$v$$ can be a vector of $$\mathbb R ^2$$ ($$ v \in \mathbb R ^2$$) with coordinates $$v_1 = 42$$ and $$v_2 = 73$$:
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Those objects in our case, in ML, will be **vectors**, elements of $\mathbb R ^n$ (tuples of $n$ real numbers). For example, $v$ can be a vector of $\mathbb R ^2$ ($ v \in \mathbb R ^2$) with coordinates $v_1 = 42$ and $v_2 = 73$:
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$$ v = \begin{bmatrix} 42 \cr 73 \end{bmatrix}\in \mathbb R ^2 $$
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We can represent a vector of $$w \in \mathbb R^n$$:
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We can represent a vector of $w \in \mathbb R^n$:
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$$ w = \begin{bmatrix} w_1 \cr w_2 \cr . \cr . \cr . \cr w_n \end{bmatrix}\in \mathbb R ^n $$
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And the **rules** or _axioms_ that apply to those vectors are the following:
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Being $$u, v, w$$ vectors, and $$a, b, 0$$ and $$1$$_scalars_ (elements of $$\mathbb R$$), then:
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Being $u, v, w$ vectors, and $a, b, 0$ and $1$_scalars_ (elements of $\mathbb R$), then:
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- (A1) $$ u + (v + w) = (u + v) + w$$
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- (A2) $$u + v = v + u$$
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- (A3) Exists a vector, called the zero vector, such that $$v +0 = v$$
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- (A4) For every vector $$v$$ exists a vector $$-v$$ called the inverse
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- (A5) $$a(u+v) = au + av$$
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- (A6) $$(a + b) v = av + bv$$
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- (A7) $$ a(bv) = (ab)v$$
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- (A8) Exist a scalar called the identity, and denoted as $$1$$, such as $$1*v = v$$
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- (A1) $ u + (v + w) = (u + v) + w$
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- (A2) $u + v = v + u$
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- (A3) Exists a vector, called the zero vector, such that $v +0 = v$
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- (A4) For every vector $v$ exists a vector $-v$ called the inverse
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- (A5) $a(u+v) = au + av$
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- (A6) $(a + b) v = av + bv$
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- (A7) $ a(bv) = (ab)v$
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- (A8) Exist a scalar called the identity, and denoted as $1$, such as $1*v = v$
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Mathematically those rules are important, since they are defining how vectors interact with themselves and with scalars.
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Now, specifically, we can define those operations on vectors of $$\mathbb R^n$$ . For example, if $$u, v \in \mathbb R^2$$ and $$a \in \mathbb R$$, then:
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Now, specifically, we can define those operations on vectors of $\mathbb R^n$ . For example, if $u, v \in \mathbb R^2$ and $a \in \mathbb R$, then:
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