CI311

Notes for CI311 exam.

The Object Constraint Language

Primitive Types

Types	Values	Operators and Operations
Boolean	true, false	=, <>, and, or, xor, not, implies, if-then-else-endif
Integer	-3,0,6, ...	=, <>, >, <, >=, <=, *, +, - (unary), - (binary), / (real), abs( ), max(b), min(b), mod(b), div(b)
Real	-1.2,0.1,1.3, ...	=, <>, >, <, >=, <=, *, +, - (unary), - (binary), /, abs( ), max(b), min(b), round( ), floor()
String	'hello world'	=, <>, size( ), concat(s2), substring(lower, upper), (1<=lower<=upper<=size), toReal( ), toInteger( )

Collection and Tuple Types

Description	Syntax	Examples
Abstract collection of elements of type T	Collection(T)
Unordered collection, no duplicates	Set(T)	Set{1,2}
Ordered collection, duplicates allowed	Sequence(T)	Sequence{1, 2, 1} Sequence{1..4} (same as Sequence{1, 2, 3, 4})
Ordered collection, no duplicates	OrderedSet(T)	OrderedSet{2, 1}
Unordered collection, duplicates allowed	Bag(T)	Bag{1, 1, 2}
Tuple (with named parts)	Tuple(field1 : T1, ...,fieldn : Tn)	Tuple{age : Integer = 5, name : String = 'Joe'} Tuple{name='Joe',age=5}

Note: Tuple components can be accessed with "." e.g. 't1.name'

Operations on Collection(T)

Operation	Description
size() : Integer	the number of elements in the collection.
count(o : T) : Integer	the number of occurrences of object o in the collection.
includes(o : T) : Boolean	true if object o is an element of the collection.
includesAll(c : Collection(T)) : Boolean	true if all elements in the collection c are present in the current collection.
excludes(o : T) : Boolean	true if object o is not an element of the collection.
excludesAll(c : Collection(T)) : Boolean	true if all the elements in collection c are not present in the current collection.
isEmpty( ) : Boolean	true if the collection contains no elements.
notEmpty( ) : Boolean	true if the collection contains one or more elements.
sum( ) : T	the addition of all the elements in the collection.

Note: Operations on collections are applied with "->" and not "."

Operations on Set(T)

Operation	Description
=(s : Set(T)) : Boolean	true if self and s contain the same elements?
union(s : Set(T)) : Set(T)	The union of self and s. (Both sets combined together)
union(b : Bag(T)) : Bag(T)	The union of self and s.
intersection(s : Set(T)) : Set(T)	The intersection of self and s. (A set of elements which only appear in both sets)
intersection(b : Bag(T)) : Set(T)	The intersection of self and b.
- (s : Set(T)) : Set(T)	The elements of self, which are not in s.
including(object : T) : Set(T)	The set containing all elements of self plus object.
excluding(object : T) : Set(T)	The set containing all elements of self minus object.
symmetricDifference(s : Set(T)) : Set(T)	The set containing all the elements that are in self or s, but not in both.
flatten() : Set(T2)	If T is a collection type, the result is the set with all the elements of self; otherwise, the result is self.
asOrderedSet( ) : OrderedSet(T)	OrderedSet with elements from self in undefined order.
asSequence( ) : Sequence(T)	Sequence with elements from self in undefined order.
asBag( ) : Bag(T)	Bag with all elements from self.

Operations on Bag(T)

Operation	Description
= (b : Bag(T)) : Boolean	True if self and b contain the same elements, the same number of times.
union(b : Bag(T)) : Bag(T)	The union of self and b.
union(s : Set(T)) : Bag(T)	The union of self and set s.
intersection(b : Bag(T)) : Bag(T)	The intersection of self and b.
intersection(s : Set(T)) : Set(T)	The intersection of self and b.
including(object : T) : Bag(T)	The bag with all elements of self plus object.
excluding(object : T) : Bag(T)	The bag with all elements of self minus object.
flatten() : Bag(T2)	If T is a collection type: bag with all the elements of all the elements of self; otherwise: self.
asOrderedSet( ) : OrderedSet(T)	OrderedSet with elements from self in undefined order, without duplicates.
asSequence( ) : Sequence(T)	Seq. with elements from self in undefined order.
asSet( ) : Set(T)	Set with elements from self, without duplicates.

Operations on Sequence(T)

Operation	Description
= (s : Sequence(T)) : Boolean	True if self contains the same elements as s, in the same order.
union(s : Sequence(T)) : Sequence(T)	The sequence consisting of all elements in self followed by all elements in s.
flatten( ) : Sequence(T2)	If T is a collection type, the result is the set with all the elements of all the elements of self; otherwise it's self.
append(object : T) : Sequence(T)	The sequence with all elements of self, followed by object.
prepend(object : T) : Sequence(T)	The sequence with object, followed by all elements in self.
insertAt(index : Integer, object : T) : Sequence(T)	The sequence with object, followed by all elements in self.
subSequence(lower : Integer, upper : Integer) : Sequence(T)	The sequence consisting of self starting at index lower, up to and including index upper; (1 <= lower <= upper <= size).
at(i : Integer) : T	The i-th element of self; (1 <= i <= size).
indexOf(object : T) : Integer	The index of object in self.
first( ) : T	The first element in self
last( ) : T	The last element in self
including(object : T) : Sequence(T)	The sequence containing all elements of self plus object added as last element.
excluding(object : T) : Sequence(T)	The sequence containing all elements of self apart from all occurrences of object.
asBag( ) : Bag(T)	The Bag containing all the elements from self, including duplicates.
asSet( ) : Set(T)	The Set containing all the elements from self, with duplicates removed.
asOrderedSet( ) : OrderedSet(T)	An OrderedSet that contains all the elements from self, in the same order, with duplicates removed.

Operations on OrderedSet(T)

Operation	Description
append(object : T) : OrderedSet(T)	The set of elements, consisting of all elements of self followed by object.
prepend(object : T) : OrderedSet(T)	The sequence consisting of object, followed by all elements in self.
insertAt(index : Integer, object : T) : OrderedSet(T)	The Set consisting of self with object inserted at position index.
subOrderedSet(lower : Integer, upper : Integer) : OrderedSet(T)	The sub-set of self starting at index lower, up to and including the element at index upper; (1 <= lower <= upper <= size)
at(i : Integer) : T	The i-th element of self; (1 <= i <= size)
indexOf(object : T) : Integer	The index of object in the Sequence.
first( ) : T	The first element in self.
last( ) : T	The last element in self.

Operations Defined in OclAny

Operation	Description
= (object2 : OclAny) : Boolean	True if self is the same object as object2.
<> (object2 : OclAny) : Boolean	True if self is a different object from object2.
oclIsNew( ) : Boolean	Only used in a postcondition. True if self was created during the operation execution.
oclAsType(t : OclType) : T	Cast (type conversion) operation. Useful for downcast.
oclIsTypeOf(t : OclType) : Boolean	True if self is of type t.
oclIsKindOf(t : OclType) : Boolean	True if self is of type t or a subtype of t.
oclIsInState(s : OclState) : Boolean	True if self is in state s.
oclIsUndefined( ) : Boolean	True if self is equal to null or invalid.
oclIsInvalid( ) : Boolean	True if self is equal to invalid.
allInstances( ) : Set(T)	Static operation that returns all instances of a classifier.

Operations Defined in OclMessage

Operation	Description
hasReturned( ) : Boolean	True if type of template parameter is an operation call, and the called operation has return a value.
result( )	Returns the result of the called operation, if type of template parameter is an operation call, and the called operation has returned a value.
isSignalSent( ) : Boolean	Returns true if the OclMessage represents the sending of a UML Signal.
isOperationCall( ) : Boolean	Returns true if the OclMessage represents the sending of a UML Operation call.