ci: remove AMD GPU container

[sbryngelson]

Summary

• Removes the AMD GPU (gpu-amd) container from the Docker build workflow and Dockerfile
• The AMD container required downloading and building AFAR (AMD Flang), installing cmake 3.28, and building a custom MPICH — too much maintenance burden for a container that can't be tested in CI
• CPU and NVIDIA GPU containers are unaffected

Motivation

The AFAR drop used in the container (rocm-afar-8873-drop-22.2.0) is aging, and newer drops (therock-23.x) have an internally inconsistent hipfort (.mod files compiled with a different compiler), making them unusable without significant per-drop patching. AMD GPU builds on actual clusters (Frontier, hpcfund) continue to work via the system ROCm stack and are not affected by this change.

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