update(hexbin-basic): altair — comprehensive quality review

plots/hexbin-basic/implementations/altair.py

@@ -1,23 +1,22 @@
 """ pyplots.ai
 hexbin-basic: Basic Hexbin Plot
-Library: altair 6.0.0 | Python 3.13.11
-Quality: 72/100 | Created: 2025-12-23
+Library: altair 6.0.0 | Python 3.14.3
+Quality: 92/100 | Updated: 2026-02-21
 """
 
 import altair as alt
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 
 
-# Data - GPS coordinates showing traffic density in a metropolitan area
-# Simulating vehicle GPS pings across different urban zones
+# Data - GPS coordinates showing traffic density in Seattle
 np.random.seed(42)
 
 n_points = 5000
 
-# Downtown core - highest density (longitude/latitude offsets from city center)
-downtown_lon = np.random.randn(n_points // 2) * 0.008 + (-122.335)
-downtown_lat = np.random.randn(n_points // 2) * 0.006 + 47.608
+# Downtown core - highest density (tight cluster for strong density peak)
+downtown_lon = np.random.randn(n_points // 2) * 0.006 + (-122.335)
+downtown_lat = np.random.randn(n_points // 2) * 0.005 + 47.608
 
 # Shopping district - secondary hotspot
 shopping_lon = np.random.randn(n_points // 3) * 0.005 + (-122.315)
@@ -30,43 +29,135 @@
 longitude = np.concatenate([downtown_lon, shopping_lon, industrial_lon])
 latitude = np.concatenate([downtown_lat, shopping_lat, industrial_lat])
 
-df = pd.DataFrame({"longitude": longitude, "latitude": latitude})
+# Hexagonal binning - compute hex grid positions and counts
+hex_radius = 0.002
+dx = hex_radius * np.sqrt(3)
+dy = hex_radius * 1.5
 
-# Plot - 2D density binning using mark_rect with binning transform
-# Altair doesn't have native hexbin, so we use rectangular binning heatmap
-chart = (
-    alt.Chart(df)
-    .mark_rect(stroke="white", strokeWidth=0.5)
+row_idx = np.round(latitude / dy).astype(int)
+shift = (row_idx % 2) * 0.5
+col_adj = np.round((longitude / dx) - shift).astype(int)
+
+hex_cx = (col_adj + shift) * dx
+hex_cy = row_idx * dy
+
+hexbins = pd.DataFrame({"lon": hex_cx, "lat": hex_cy}).groupby(["lon", "lat"]).size().reset_index(name="count")
+
+# Compute pixel size for hexagons to tile cleanly
+chart_width, chart_height = 1600, 900
+lon_range = hexbins["lon"].max() - hexbins["lon"].min()
+lat_range = hexbins["lat"].max() - hexbins["lat"].min()
+hex_px_w = dx * (chart_width / lon_range) if lon_range > 0 else 1
+hex_px_h = 2 * hex_radius * (chart_height / lat_range) if lat_range > 0 else 1
+hex_area = hex_px_w * hex_px_h
+
+# Custom hexagon SVG path (pointy-top)
+hex_path = "M0,-1L0.866,-0.5L0.866,0.5L0,1L-0.866,0.5L-0.866,-0.5Z"
+
+# Interactive hover selection — distinctive Altair/Vega-Lite feature
+hover = alt.selection_point(on="pointerover", nearest=True, empty=False)
+
+# Hexbin layer with hover-responsive encoding and computed density level
+hexbin_layer = (
+    alt.Chart(hexbins)
+    .transform_calculate(density="datum.count > 60 ? 'High' : datum.count > 25 ? 'Medium' : 'Low'")
+    .mark_point(shape=hex_path, filled=True, stroke="white")
     .encode(
         x=alt.X(
-            "longitude:Q",
-            bin=alt.Bin(maxbins=35),
-            title="Longitude (°W)",
-            axis=alt.Axis(labelFontSize=18, titleFontSize=22, format=".2f", grid=False),
+            "lon:Q",
+            title="Longitude (\u00b0W)",
+            scale=alt.Scale(zero=False),
+            axis=alt.Axis(
+                labelFontSize=18,
+                titleFontSize=22,
+                format=".2f",
+                values=[-122.36, -122.34, -122.32, -122.30],
+                grid=True,
+                gridOpacity=0.08,
+                gridColor="#ccc",
+            ),
         ),
         y=alt.Y(
-            "latitude:Q",
-            bin=alt.Bin(maxbins=25),
-            title="Latitude (°N)",
-            axis=alt.Axis(labelFontSize=18, titleFontSize=22, format=".3f", grid=False),
+            "lat:Q",
+            title="Latitude (\u00b0N)",
+            scale=alt.Scale(zero=False),
+            axis=alt.Axis(
+                labelFontSize=18,
+                titleFontSize=22,
+                format=".2f",
+                values=[47.59, 47.60, 47.61, 47.62, 47.63, 47.64],
+                grid=True,
+                gridOpacity=0.08,
+                gridColor="#ccc",
+            ),
         ),
         color=alt.Color(
-            "count():Q",
-            scale=alt.Scale(scheme="viridis"),
+            "count:Q",
+            scale=alt.Scale(scheme="viridis", type="symlog"),
             legend=alt.Legend(
-                title="Vehicle Count", titleFontSize=20, labelFontSize=16, gradientLength=350, gradientThickness=25
+                title="Vehicle Count",
+                titleFontSize=20,
+                labelFontSize=16,
+                gradientLength=350,
+                gradientThickness=25,
+                orient="right",
+                offset=20,
+                titlePadding=10,
             ),
         ),
+        size=alt.value(hex_area),
+        strokeWidth=alt.condition(hover, alt.value(2.5), alt.value(0.4)),
         tooltip=[
-            alt.Tooltip("longitude:Q", title="Longitude", bin=True),
-            alt.Tooltip("latitude:Q", title="Latitude", bin=True),
-            alt.Tooltip("count():Q", title="Vehicles"),
+            alt.Tooltip("lon:Q", title="Longitude", format=".4f"),
+            alt.Tooltip("lat:Q", title="Latitude", format=".4f"),
+            alt.Tooltip("count:Q", title="Vehicles"),
+            alt.Tooltip("density:N", title="Density Level"),
         ],
     )
+    .add_params(hover)
+)
+
+# Cluster annotation labels for data storytelling
+annotations = pd.DataFrame(
+    {
+        "lon": [-122.335, -122.303, -122.360],
+        "lat": [47.587, 47.633, 47.648],
+        "label": ["Downtown Core", "Shopping District", "Industrial Zone"],
+    }
+)
+
+text_bg = (
+    alt.Chart(annotations)
+    .mark_text(fontSize=16, fontWeight="bold", color="#f9f9fb", strokeWidth=4, stroke="#f9f9fb")
+    .encode(x="lon:Q", y="lat:Q", text="label:N")
+)
+
+text_fg = (
+    alt.Chart(annotations)
+    .mark_text(fontSize=16, fontWeight="bold", color="#2a2a2a")
+    .encode(x="lon:Q", y="lat:Q", text="label:N")
+)
+
+# Compose layers with title, subtitle, and refined styling
+chart = (
+    alt.layer(hexbin_layer, text_bg, text_fg)
     .properties(
-        width=1600, height=900, title=alt.Title("hexbin-basic · altair · pyplots.ai", fontSize=28, anchor="middle")
+        width=chart_width,
+        height=chart_height,
+        title=alt.Title(
+            "hexbin-basic \u00b7 altair \u00b7 pyplots.ai",
+            fontSize=28,
+            anchor="middle",
+            color="#222",
+            subtitle="Seattle metropolitan traffic density \u2014 5,000 GPS vehicle observations",
+            subtitleFontSize=18,
+            subtitleColor="#666",
+            subtitlePadding=8,
+        ),
+        padding={"left": 20, "right": 20, "top": 10, "bottom": 10},
     )
-    .configure_view(strokeWidth=0)
+    .configure_view(strokeWidth=0, fill="#f9f9fb")
+    .configure_axis(domainColor="#aaa", tickColor="#aaa", labelColor="#555", titleColor="#333")
 )
 
 # Save