update(chord-basic): matplotlib — comprehensive review

plots/chord-basic/implementations/matplotlib.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """ pyplots.ai
 chord-basic: Basic Chord Diagram
-Library: matplotlib 3.10.8 | Python 3.13.11
-Quality: 98/100 | Created: 2025-12-14
+Library: matplotlib 3.10.8 | Python 3.14
+Quality: 90/100 | Created: 2026-04-06
 """
 
 import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
@@ -11,11 +11,9 @@
 
 
 # Data: Migration flows between continents (in millions)
-np.random.seed(42)
 entities = ["Africa", "Asia", "Europe", "N. America", "S. America", "Oceania"]
 n = len(entities)
 
-# Flow matrix (row=source, col=target)
 flow_matrix = np.array(
     [
         [0, 12, 8, 5, 2, 1],  # From Africa
@@ -27,158 +25,172 @@
     ]
 )
 
-# Colors for each entity (colorblind-safe palette)
-colors = ["#306998", "#FFD43B", "#4ECDC4", "#FF6B6B", "#95E1A3", "#DDA0DD"]
+# Colorblind-safe palette starting with Python Blue
+colors = ["#306998", "#E69F00", "#009E73", "#D55E00", "#56B4E9", "#CC79A7"]
 
-# Calculate totals for each entity (sum of outgoing + incoming)
+# Calculate entity totals and arc geometry
 totals = flow_matrix.sum(axis=1) + flow_matrix.sum(axis=0)
 total_flow = totals.sum()
+gap_deg = 3
+available_deg = 360 - gap_deg * n
+arc_spans = (totals / total_flow) * available_deg
 
-# Gap between entity arcs (in degrees)
-gap = 3
-total_gap = gap * n
-available_degrees = 360 - total_gap
-
-# Calculate arc spans for each entity
-arc_spans = (totals / total_flow) * available_degrees
-
-# Calculate start angles for each entity arc
+# Start angles (clockwise from top)
 start_angles = np.zeros(n)
-current_angle = 90  # Start from top
+angle = 90
 for i in range(n):
-    start_angles[i] = current_angle
-    current_angle -= arc_spans[i] + gap
-
-# Create figure
-fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(16, 9), subplot_kw={"aspect": "equal"})
-ax.set_xlim(-1.5, 1.5)
-ax.set_ylim(-1.3, 1.3)
+    start_angles[i] = angle
+    angle -= arc_spans[i] + gap_deg
+
+# Plot — square canvas for circular chart
+fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 12), subplot_kw={"aspect": "equal"})
+fig.set_facecolor("#FAFAFA")
+ax.set_xlim(-1.45, 1.45)
+ax.set_ylim(-1.45, 1.45)
+ax.set_facecolor("#FAFAFA")
 ax.axis("off")
 
-# Draw entity arcs on the outer ring
 radius = 1.0
-arc_width = 0.08
+arc_width = 0.09
+inner_r = radius - arc_width
 
+# Draw outer arcs
 for i in range(n):
     theta1 = start_angles[i] - arc_spans[i]
     theta2 = start_angles[i]
-
-    # Draw outer arc as a wedge
     wedge = mpatches.Wedge(
         (0, 0), radius, theta1, theta2, width=arc_width, facecolor=colors[i], edgecolor="white", linewidth=2
     )
     ax.add_patch(wedge)
 
-    # Add entity label
-    mid_angle = (theta1 + theta2) / 2
-    label_radius = radius + 0.12
-    label_x = label_radius * np.cos(np.radians(mid_angle))
-    label_y = label_radius * np.sin(np.radians(mid_angle))
+    # Label placement
+    mid = np.radians((theta1 + theta2) / 2)
+    lx, ly = (radius + 0.12) * np.cos(mid), (radius + 0.12) * np.sin(mid)
+    mid_deg = np.degrees(mid) % 360
+    ha = (
+        "center"
+        if mid_deg < 15 or mid_deg > 345 or 165 < mid_deg < 195
+        else ("right" if 90 < mid_deg < 270 else "left")
+    )
+    ax.text(lx, ly, entities[i], fontsize=20, fontweight="bold", ha=ha, va="center", color=colors[i])
 
-    # Rotate text to align with arc
-    rotation = mid_angle
-    if mid_angle > 90 or mid_angle < -90:
-        rotation = mid_angle + 180
-    if 90 < mid_angle < 270 or -270 < mid_angle < -90:
-        ha = "right"
-    else:
-        ha = "left"
-    if abs(mid_angle) < 10 or abs(mid_angle - 180) < 10 or abs(mid_angle + 180) < 10:
-        ha = "center"
+# Track angular position within each arc for chord placement
+arc_cursors = start_angles.copy()
+unit_angles = arc_spans / totals
 
-    ax.text(label_x, label_y, entities[i], fontsize=18, fontweight="bold", ha=ha, va="center", color=colors[i])
+# Sort flows by magnitude (draw largest last for visual hierarchy)
+flows = [(i, j, flow_matrix[i, j]) for i in range(n) for j in range(n) if i != j and flow_matrix[i, j] > 0]
+flows.sort(key=lambda f: f[2])
 
+# Pre-compute chord positions to avoid cursor interference from draw order
+min_chord_deg = 1.5  # minimum angular span for visibility
+chord_params = []
+pos_cursors = start_angles.copy()
+for i in range(n):
+    for j in range(n):
+        if i != j and flow_matrix[i, j] > 0:
+            flow = flow_matrix[i, j]
+            src_span = max(flow * unit_angles[i], min_chord_deg)
+            src_end = pos_cursors[i]
+            src_start = src_end - src_span
+            pos_cursors[i] = src_start
 
-def draw_chord(ax, start1, end1, start2, end2, color, alpha=0.65):
-    """Draw a chord between two arcs using Bezier curves."""
-    inner_radius = radius - arc_width
+            tgt_span = max(flow * unit_angles[j], min_chord_deg)
+            tgt_end = pos_cursors[j]
+            tgt_start = tgt_end - tgt_span
+            pos_cursors[j] = tgt_start
 
-    # Convert angles to radians
-    s1, e1 = np.radians(start1), np.radians(end1)
-    s2, e2 = np.radians(start2), np.radians(end2)
+            chord_params.append((src_start, src_end, tgt_start, tgt_end, colors[i], flow))
 
-    # Create path points
-    n_arc_points = 20
+# Sort by flow magnitude so largest chords render on top
+chord_params.sort(key=lambda c: c[5])
 
-    # First arc (source)
-    arc1_angles = np.linspace(s1, e1, n_arc_points)
-    arc1_points = np.column_stack([inner_radius * np.cos(arc1_angles), inner_radius * np.sin(arc1_angles)])
+# Draw chords using cubic Bezier paths
+n_arc_pts = 30
+ctrl_factor = 0.25
 
-    # Second arc (target)
-    arc2_angles = np.linspace(s2, e2, n_arc_points)
-    arc2_points = np.column_stack([inner_radius * np.cos(arc2_angles), inner_radius * np.sin(arc2_angles)])
+for src_start, src_end, tgt_start, tgt_end, color, flow in chord_params:
+    s1, e1 = np.radians(src_start), np.radians(src_end)
+    s2, e2 = np.radians(tgt_start), np.radians(tgt_end)
 
-    # Control points for Bezier curves (through center with some offset)
-    ctrl_factor = 0.3
+    arc1_t = np.linspace(s1, e1, n_arc_pts)
+    arc1 = np.column_stack([inner_r * np.cos(arc1_t), inner_r * np.sin(arc1_t)])
 
-    # Build path: arc1 -> bezier to arc2 -> arc2 -> bezier back to arc1
-    verts = []
-    codes = []
+    arc2_t = np.linspace(s2, e2, n_arc_pts)
+    arc2 = np.column_stack([inner_r * np.cos(arc2_t), inner_r * np.sin(arc2_t)])
 
-    # Start at first point of arc1
-    verts.append(arc1_points[0])
-    codes.append(Path.MOVETO)
+    # Build closed path: arc1 → bezier → arc2 → bezier → close
+    verts = [arc1[0]]
+    codes = [Path.MOVETO]
 
-    # Arc1 points
-    for pt in arc1_points[1:]:
+    for pt in arc1[1:]:
         verts.append(pt)
         codes.append(Path.LINETO)
 
-    # Bezier curve from end of arc1 to start of arc2
-    ctrl1 = arc1_points[-1] * ctrl_factor
-    ctrl2 = arc2_points[0] * ctrl_factor
-    verts.extend([ctrl1, ctrl2, arc2_points[0]])
+    verts.extend([arc1[-1] * ctrl_factor, arc2[0] * ctrl_factor, arc2[0]])
     codes.extend([Path.CURVE4, Path.CURVE4, Path.CURVE4])
 
-    # Arc2 points
-    for pt in arc2_points[1:]:
+    for pt in arc2[1:]:
         verts.append(pt)
         codes.append(Path.LINETO)
 
-    # Bezier curve from end of arc2 back to start of arc1
-    ctrl3 = arc2_points[-1] * ctrl_factor
-    ctrl4 = arc1_points[0] * ctrl_factor
-    verts.extend([ctrl3, ctrl4, arc1_points[0]])
+    verts.extend([arc2[-1] * ctrl_factor, arc1[0] * ctrl_factor, arc1[0]])
     codes.extend([Path.CURVE4, Path.CURVE4, Path.CURVE4])
 
-    path = Path(verts, codes)
-    patch = mpatches.PathPatch(path, facecolor=color, edgecolor="none", alpha=alpha)
+    # Scale alpha and linewidth by flow magnitude for clear visual hierarchy
+    flow_ratio = flow / flow_matrix.max()
+    alpha = 0.15 + 0.65 * flow_ratio**0.7
+    lw = 0.3 + 1.2 * flow_ratio
+    patch = mpatches.PathPatch(Path(verts, codes), facecolor=color, edgecolor=color, linewidth=lw, alpha=alpha)
     ax.add_patch(patch)
 
+# Annotate the top 3 flows to create a clear data story
+top_flows = sorted(
+    [(i, j, flow_matrix[i, j]) for i in range(n) for j in range(n) if i != j and flow_matrix[i, j] > 0],
+    key=lambda f: f[2],
+    reverse=True,
+)[:3]
+
+ann_positions = [(-0.55, -1.28), (0.55, 1.20), (-0.95, 0.60)]
+for rank, (i, j, flow) in enumerate(top_flows):
+    ax_x, ax_y = ann_positions[rank]
+    label = f"{entities[i]} → {entities[j]}: {flow}M"
+    fs = 14 if rank == 0 else 12
+    ax.annotate(
+        label,
+        xy=(ax_x, ax_y),
+        fontsize=fs,
+        fontweight="bold" if rank == 0 else "medium",
+        ha="center",
+        va="center",
+        color="#333333",
+        bbox={
+            "boxstyle": "round,pad=0.3",
+            "facecolor": "white",
+            "edgecolor": colors[i],
+            "alpha": 0.92,
+            "linewidth": 1.5,
+        },
+    )
 
-# Track position within each entity arc for placing chords
-arc_positions = {}
-for i in range(n):
-    arc_positions[i] = {"out": start_angles[i], "in": start_angles[i]}
-
-# Calculate the angular span each flow unit represents for each entity
-unit_angles = arc_spans / totals
-
-# Draw chords for each flow
-for i in range(n):
-    for j in range(n):
-        if i != j and flow_matrix[i, j] > 0:
-            flow = flow_matrix[i, j]
-
-            # Calculate chord width at source (outgoing from entity i)
-            source_span = flow * unit_angles[i]
-            source_start = arc_positions[i]["out"] - source_span
-            source_end = arc_positions[i]["out"]
-            arc_positions[i]["out"] = source_start
-
-            # Calculate chord width at target (incoming to entity j)
-            target_span = flow * unit_angles[j]
-            target_start = arc_positions[j]["in"] - target_span
-            target_end = arc_positions[j]["in"]
-            arc_positions[j]["in"] = target_start
-
-            # Draw the chord (use source color)
-            draw_chord(ax, source_start, source_end, target_start, target_end, colors[i])
-
-# Title
+# Title and subtitle
 ax.set_title(
-    "Continental Migration Flows · chord-basic · matplotlib · pyplots.ai", fontsize=24, fontweight="bold", pad=20
+    "Continental Migration Flows · chord-basic · matplotlib · pyplots.ai",
+    fontsize=24,
+    fontweight="medium",
+    pad=40,
+    color="#333333",
+)
+ax.text(
+    0,
+    1.38,
+    "Asia–Europe corridor dominates global flows",
+    fontsize=16,
+    ha="center",
+    va="center",
+    color="#666666",
+    fontstyle="italic",
 )
 
 plt.tight_layout()
-plt.savefig("plot.png", dpi=300, bbox_inches="tight", facecolor="white")
+plt.savefig("plot.png", dpi=300, bbox_inches="tight", facecolor="#FAFAFA")