Fixes #12901 - Remove confusing aka.ms links for release channels

[sdwheeler]

PR Summary

Remove confusing aka.ms links for release channels

• Fixes AB#566118
• Fixes AB#565893
• Fixes Link for LTS on learn.microsoft.com not pointing to v7.6 #12901

PR Checklist

• Descriptive Title: This PR's title is a synopsis of the changes it proposes.
• Summary: This PR's summary describes the scope and intent of the change.
• Contributor's Guide: I have read the contributor's guide.
• Style: This PR adheres to the style guide.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR updates PowerShell installation/support documentation to remove potentially confusing aka.ms release-channel links and refine related guidance.

Changes:

• Replaces aka.ms “stable/lts/preview” release-channel links with a single GitHub navigation path for finding install assets.
• Reformats the Windows support include text around Docker/.NET SDK images.
• Adds clarification that winget can be run from multiple Windows shells.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated 2 comments.

File	Description
reference/includes/windows-support.md	Reflows Docker/.NET SDK support text and updates metadata date.
reference/includes/latest-install.md	Removes aka.ms release-channel links; points readers to GitHub for release selection.
reference/docs-conceptual/install/install-powershell-on-windows.md	Adds winget shell-usage clarification and updates metadata date.

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[learn-build-service-prod]

Learn Build status updates of commit b9d30a7:

✅ Validation status: passed

File	Status	Preview URL	Details
reference/docs-conceptual/install/install-powershell-on-windows.md	✅Succeeded	View (>=powershell-5.1)
reference/includes/latest-install.md	✅Succeeded	View (>=powershell-5.1)
reference/includes/windows-support.md	✅Succeeded	View (>=powershell-5.1)

For more details, please refer to the build report.

[learn-build-service-prod]

PoliCheck Scan Report

The following report lists PoliCheck issues in PR files. Before you merge the PR, you must fix all severity-1 and severity-2 issues. The AI Review Details column lists suggestions for either removing or replacing the terms. If you find a false positive result, mention it in a PR comment and include this text: #policheck-false-positive. This feedback helps reduce false positives in future scans.

✅ No issues found

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[learn-build-service-prod]

Learn Build status updates of commit 0a661a6:

✅ Validation status: passed

File	Status	Preview URL	Details
reference/docs-conceptual/install/install-powershell-on-windows.md	✅Succeeded	View (>=powershell-5.1)
reference/includes/latest-install.md	✅Succeeded	View (>=powershell-5.1)
reference/includes/windows-support.md	✅Succeeded	View (>=powershell-5.1)

For more details, please refer to the build report.