Add conversion for magic-state subroutines back to quantum dialect

[lillian542]

Context:

We have 3 ops that we add to the IR for creating and using magic states that need to be translated back to the quantum dialect for execution. These are:

• allocate_cb: to create an additional auxiliary codeblock that we can put in the magic state
• deallocate_cb: to deallocate the data codeblock after the entanglement and measurement protocol teleports the data to the allocated auxiliary codeblock (new data codeblock)
• t: used on a single physical qubit in the subroutine for generating a magic state on the auxiliary codeblock

Description of the Change:

We add lowering for:

• allocate_cb: translates to allocating a quantum register of size n
• deallocate_cb: translates to deallocating a quantum register
• t: translates to quantum.custom "T"

We add integration tests to confirm that this and previous PRs for apply_T and fabricate_magic_state allow us to apply T gates in the Steane code as expected.

Benefits:

We can execute circuits with T-gates using the Steane code
We have the pieces in place to lower other protocols fabricating and using magic states, like pi/8 PPMs

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 96.94%. Comparing base (454ded8) to head (7c66489).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2895      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   96.91%   96.94%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         166      166              
  Lines       19056    19067      +11     
  Branches     1760     1760              
==========================================
+ Hits        18469    18485      +16     
+ Misses        434      430       -4     
+ Partials      153      152       -1     

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[multiphaseCFD]

Thanks @lillian542 ! Nice one

[joeycarter]

Nice! I only had a couple of minor comments, happy to approve. 💯