fix(node:stream): consolidate destroy state

[andrewtdiz]

Summary

• initialize typed stream stubs with destroyed: false
• expose stream.destroyed through the native runtime getter
• make destroy(err) return the stream immediately and mark errored state on the microtask queue
• retain the destroy-state stream runtime symbols across optimized builds

Supersedes #1910 and #1911.

Verification

• cargo fmt --all --check
• ./scripts/check_file_size.sh
• git diff --check origin/main...HEAD
• jq empty test-parity/known_failures.json
• cargo test -p perry-runtime node_stream --lib -- --nocapture
• cargo test -p perry-codegen manifest_consistency --lib