Function Exceptions

In Python, try and except blocks are used for error handling. Here's a summary of how to use them:

Try Block

The code that you think might raise an exception is placed inside the try block.

try:
    # Code that might raise an exception
    # ...

Except Block

If an exception occurs in the try block, the control immediately passes to the except block. Here, you can handle the exception or take appropriate action.

except ExceptionType:
    # Code to handle the exception
    # ...

ExceptionType specifies the type of exception you want to catch. You can be specific (e.g., ValueError, TypeError) or use a more general Exception to catch any type of exception.

Optional Else Block

You can include an else block after the except block, which will only execute if no exception occurs in the try block.

else:
    # Code to execute if no exception occurs
    # ...

Optional Finally Block

This block is always executed whether an exception occurred or not. It's useful for releasing external resources (like files or network connections) regardless of whether the code in the try block succeeded or not.

finally:
    # Code to execute whether there is an exception or not
    # ...

Example

Here's a simple example demonstrating the usage of try and except:

try:
    x = int(input("Enter a number: "))
    result = 10 / x
    print("Result:", result)
except ValueError:
    print("Please enter a valid number.")
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero.")
else:
    print("No exceptions occurred.")
finally:
    print("This will always execute.")

In this example:

• If the user enters a non-integer value, a ValueError will occur, and the corresponding message will be printed.
• If the user enters 0, a ZeroDivisionError will occur, and the corresponding message will be printed.
• If the user enters any other number, the result will be printed along with the message saying no exceptions occurred.
• Finally, the message in the finally block will always be printed.