WAPT-SQL-Injection-with-SQLMap

WAPT perform SQLi with sqlmap.
I show only the important steps required to perform the attack, so, I didn’t explain everything.

Introduction of the tool

SQLmap is a tool that can automatically detect and exploit SQL injection vulnerabilities in web applications. SQL injection is a type of attack that allows an attacker to execute malicious SQL statements on a database server, which can result in data theft, data manipulation, or even complete takeover of the server.
SQLmap can perform various tasks, such as:

• Fingerprinting the database management system (DBMS) and its version.
  
• Enumerating the users, databases, tables, columns, and data stored in the database.
  
• Dumping the data from the database or specific columns or rows.
  
• Searching for specific data in the database, such as usernames, passwords, or credit card numbers.
  
• Uploading or downloading files from the database server’s file system.
  
• Executing arbitrary commands or scripts on the database server’s operating system.
  
• Establishing an out-of-band connection with the attacker’s machine, which can be used for interactive shell, graphical user interface, or file transfer.
  
• Escalating the privileges of the database process user using Metasploit’s Meterpreter.
  SQLmap is a command-line tool that can be used on any platform that supports Python. It has a powerful detection engine and a wide range of options and features that make it a versatile and effective tool for penetration testing and vulnerability assessment.

sqlmap -hh
Usage: python3 sqlmap [options]

Options:

• -h, --help Show basic help message and exit
• -hh Show advanced help message and exit
• --version Show program's version number and exit
• -v VERBOSE Verbosity level: 0-6 (default 1)

Target:

At least one of these options has to be provided to define the
target(s)

 - -u URL, --url=URL   Target URL (e.g. "http://www.site.com/vuln.php?id=1")
 - -d DIRECT           Connection string for direct database connection
 - -l LOGFILE          Parse target(s) from Burp or WebScarab proxy log file
 - -m BULKFILE         Scan multiple targets given in a textual file
 - -r REQUESTFILE      Load HTTP request from a file
 - -g GOOGLEDORK       Process Google dork results as target URLs
 - -c CONFIGFILE       Load options from a configuration INI file

Request:

These options can be used to specify how to connect to the target URL

 - -A AGENT, --user..  HTTP User-Agent header value
 - -H HEADER, --hea..  Extra header (e.g. "X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1")
 - --method=METHOD     Force usage of given HTTP method (e.g. PUT)
 - --data=DATA         Data string to be sent through POST (e.g. "id=1")
 - --param-del=PARA..  Character used for splitting parameter values (e.g. &)
 - --cookie=COOKIE     HTTP Cookie header value (e.g. "PHPSESSID=a8d127e..")
 - --cookie-del=COO..  Character used for splitting cookie values (e.g. ;)
 - --live-cookies=L..  Live cookies file used for loading up-to-date values
 - --load-cookies=L..  File containing cookies in Netscape/wget format
 - --drop-set-cookie   Ignore Set-Cookie header from response
 - --mobile            Imitate smartphone through HTTP User-Agent header
 - --random-agent      Use randomly selected HTTP User-Agent header value
 - --host=HOST         HTTP Host header value
 - --referer=REFERER   HTTP Referer header value
 - --headers=HEADERS   Extra headers (e.g. "Accept-Language: fr\nETag: 123")
 - --auth-type=AUTH..  HTTP authentication type (Basic, Digest, Bearer, ...)
 - --auth-cred=AUTH..  HTTP authentication credentials (name:password)
 - --auth-file=AUTH..  HTTP authentication PEM cert/private key file
 - --abort-code=ABO..  Abort on (problematic) HTTP error code(s) (e.g. 401)
 - --ignore-code=IG..  Ignore (problematic) HTTP error code(s) (e.g. 401)
 - --ignore-proxy      Ignore system default proxy settings
 - --ignore-redirects  Ignore redirection attempts
 - --ignore-timeouts   Ignore connection timeouts
 - --proxy=PROXY       Use a proxy to connect to the target URL
 - --proxy-cred=PRO..  Proxy authentication credentials (name:password)
 - --proxy-file=PRO..  Load proxy list from a file
 - --proxy-freq=PRO..  Requests between change of proxy from a given list
 - --tor               Use Tor anonymity network
 - --tor-port=TORPORT  Set Tor proxy port other than default
 - --tor-type=TORTYPE  Set Tor proxy type (HTTP, SOCKS4 or SOCKS5 (default))
 - --check-tor         Check to see if Tor is used properly
 - --delay=DELAY       Delay in seconds between each HTTP request
 - --timeout=TIMEOUT   Seconds to wait before timeout connection (default 30)
 - --retries=RETRIES   Retries when the connection timeouts (default 3)
 - --retry-on=RETRYON  Retry request on regexp matching content (e.g. "drop")
 - --randomize=RPARAM  Randomly change value for given parameter(s)
 - --safe-url=SAFEURL  URL address to visit frequently during testing
 - --safe-post=SAFE..  POST data to send to a safe URL
 - --safe-req=SAFER..  Load safe HTTP request from a file
 - --safe-freq=SAFE..  Regular requests between visits to a safe URL
 - --skip-urlencode    Skip URL encoding of payload data
 - --csrf-token=CSR..  Parameter used to hold anti-CSRF token
 - --csrf-url=CSRFURL  URL address to visit for extraction of anti-CSRF token
 - --csrf-method=CS..  HTTP method to use during anti-CSRF token page visit
 - --csrf-data=CSRF..  POST data to send during anti-CSRF token page visit
 - --csrf-retries=C..  Retries for anti-CSRF token retrieval (default 0)
 - --force-ssl         Force usage of SSL/HTTPS
 - --chunked           Use HTTP chunked transfer encoded (POST) requests
 - --hpp               Use HTTP parameter pollution method
 - --eval=EVALCODE     Evaluate provided Python code before the request (e.g.
                    "import hashlib;id2=hashlib.md5(id).hexdigest()")

Optimization:

These options can be used to optimize the performance of sqlmap

 - -o                  Turn on all optimization switches
 - --predict-output    Predict common queries output
 - --keep-alive        Use persistent HTTP(s) connections
 - --null-connection   Retrieve page length without actual HTTP response body
 - --threads=THREADS   Max number of concurrent HTTP(s) requests (default 1)

Injection:

These options can be used to specify which parameters to test for,
provide custom injection payloads and optional tampering scripts

 - -p TESTPARAMETER    Testable parameter(s)
 - --skip=SKIP         Skip testing for given parameter(s)
 - --skip-static       Skip testing parameters that not appear to be dynamic
 - --param-exclude=..  Regexp to exclude parameters from testing (e.g. "ses")
 - --param-filter=P..  Select testable parameter(s) by place (e.g. "POST")
 - --dbms=DBMS         Force back-end DBMS to provided value
 - --dbms-cred=DBMS..  DBMS authentication credentials (user:password)
 - --os=OS             Force back-end DBMS operating system to provided value
 - --invalid-bignum    Use big numbers for invalidating values
 - --invalid-logical   Use logical operations for invalidating values
 - --invalid-string    Use random strings for invalidating values
 - --no-cast           Turn off payload casting mechanism
 - --no-escape         Turn off string escaping mechanism
 - --prefix=PREFIX     Injection payload prefix string
 - --suffix=SUFFIX     Injection payload suffix string
 - --tamper=TAMPER     Use given script(s) for tampering injection data

Detection:

These options can be used to customize the detection phase

 - --level=LEVEL       Level of tests to perform (1-5, default 1)
 - --risk=RISK         Risk of tests to perform (1-3, default 1)
 - --string=STRING     String to match when query is evaluated to True
 - --not-string=NOT..  String to match when query is evaluated to False
 - --regexp=REGEXP     Regexp to match when query is evaluated to True
 - --code=CODE         HTTP code to match when query is evaluated to True
 - --smart             Perform thorough tests only if positive heuristic(s)
 - --text-only         Compare pages based only on the textual content
 - --titles            Compare pages based only on their titles

Techniques:

These options can be used to tweak testing of specific SQL injection
techniques

 - --technique=TECH..  SQL injection techniques to use (default "BEUSTQ")
 - --time-sec=TIMESEC  Seconds to delay the DBMS response (default 5)
 - --union-cols=UCOLS  Range of columns to test for UNION query SQL injection
 - --union-char=UCHAR  Character to use for bruteforcing number of columns
 - --union-from=UFROM  Table to use in FROM part of UNION query SQL injection
 - --union-values=U..  Column values to use for UNION query SQL injection
 - --dns-domain=DNS..  Domain name used for DNS exfiltration attack
 - --second-url=SEC..  Resulting page URL searched for second-order response
 - --second-req=SEC..  Load second-order HTTP request from file

Fingerprint:

 - -f, --fingerprint   Perform an extensive DBMS version fingerprint

Enumeration:

These options can be used to enumerate the back-end database
management system information, structure and data contained in the
tables

 - -a, --all           Retrieve everything
 - -b, --banner        Retrieve DBMS banner
 - --current-user      Retrieve DBMS current user
 - --current-db        Retrieve DBMS current database
 - --hostname          Retrieve DBMS server hostname
 - --is-dba            Detect if the DBMS current user is DBA
 - --users             Enumerate DBMS users
 - --passwords         Enumerate DBMS users password hashes
 - --privileges        Enumerate DBMS users privileges
 - --roles             Enumerate DBMS users roles
 - --dbs               Enumerate DBMS databases
 - --tables            Enumerate DBMS database tables
 - --columns           Enumerate DBMS database table columns
 - --schema            Enumerate DBMS schema
 - --count             Retrieve number of entries for table(s)
 - --dump              Dump DBMS database table entries
 - --dump-all          Dump all DBMS databases tables entries
 - --search            Search column(s), table(s) and/or database name(s)
 - --comments          Check for DBMS comments during enumeration
 - --statements        Retrieve SQL statements being run on DBMS
 - -D DB               DBMS database to enumerate
 - -T TBL              DBMS database table(s) to enumerate
 - -C COL              DBMS database table column(s) to enumerate
 - -X EXCLUDE          DBMS database identifier(s) to not enumerate
 - -U USER             DBMS user to enumerate
 - --exclude-sysdbs    Exclude DBMS system databases when enumerating tables
 - --pivot-column=P..  Pivot column name
 - --where=DUMPWHERE   Use WHERE condition while table dumping
 - --start=LIMITSTART  First dump table entry to retrieve
 - --stop=LIMITSTOP    Last dump table entry to retrieve
 - --first=FIRSTCHAR   First query output word character to retrieve
 - --last=LASTCHAR     Last query output word character to retrieve
 - --sql-query=SQLQ..  SQL statement to be executed
 - --sql-shell         Prompt for an interactive SQL shell
 - --sql-file=SQLFILE  Execute SQL statements from given file(s)

Brute force:

These options can be used to run brute force checks

 - --common-tables     Check existence of common tables
 - --common-columns    Check existence of common columns
 - --common-files      Check existence of common files

User-defined function injection:

These options can be used to create custom user-defined functions

 - --udf-inject        Inject custom user-defined functions
 - --shared-lib=SHLIB  Local path of the shared library

File system access:

These options can be used to access the back-end database management
system underlying file system

 - --file-read=FILE..  Read a file from the back-end DBMS file system
 - --file-write=FIL..  Write a local file on the back-end DBMS file system
 - --file-dest=FILE..  Back-end DBMS absolute filepath to write to

Operating system access:

These options can be used to access the back-end database management
system underlying operating system

 - --os-cmd=OSCMD      Execute an operating system command
 - --os-shell          Prompt for an interactive operating system shell
 - --os-pwn            Prompt for an OOB shell, Meterpreter or VNC
 - --os-smbrelay       One click prompt for an OOB shell, Meterpreter or VNC
 - --os-bof            Stored procedure buffer overflow exploitation
 - --priv-esc          Database process user privilege escalation
 - --msf-path=MSFPATH  Local path where Metasploit Framework is installed
 - --tmp-path=TMPPATH  Remote absolute path of temporary files directory

Windows registry access:

These options can be used to access the back-end database management
system Windows registry

 - --reg-read          Read a Windows registry key value
 - --reg-add           Write a Windows registry key value data
 - --reg-del           Delete a Windows registry key value
 - --reg-key=REGKEY    Windows registry key
 - --reg-value=REGVAL  Windows registry key value
 - --reg-data=REGDATA  Windows registry key value data
 - --reg-type=REGTYPE  Windows registry key value type

General:

These options can be used to set some general working parameters

 - -s SESSIONFILE      Load session from a stored (.sqlite) file
 - -t TRAFFICFILE      Log all HTTP traffic into a textual file
 - --abort-on-empty    Abort data retrieval on empty results
 - --answers=ANSWERS   Set predefined answers (e.g. "quit=N,follow=N")
 - --base64=BASE64P..  Parameter(s) containing Base64 encoded data
 - --base64-safe       Use URL and filename safe Base64 alphabet (RFC 4648)
 - --batch             Never ask for user input, use the default behavior
 - --binary-fields=..  Result fields having binary values (e.g. "digest")
 - --check-internet    Check Internet connection before assessing the target
 - --cleanup           Clean up the DBMS from sqlmap specific UDF and tables
 - --crawl=CRAWLDEPTH  Crawl the website starting from the target URL
 - --crawl-exclude=..  Regexp to exclude pages from crawling (e.g. "logout")
 - --csv-del=CSVDEL    Delimiting character used in CSV output (default ",")
 - --charset=CHARSET   Blind SQL injection charset (e.g. "0123456789abcdef")
 - --dump-file=DUMP..  Store dumped data to a custom file
 - --dump-format=DU..  Format of dumped data (CSV (default), HTML or SQLITE)
 - --encoding=ENCOD..  Character encoding used for data retrieval (e.g. GBK)
 - --eta               Display for each output the estimated time of arrival
 - --flush-session     Flush session files for current target
 - --forms             Parse and test forms on target URL
 - --fresh-queries     Ignore query results stored in session file
 - --gpage=GOOGLEPAGE  Use Google dork results from specified page number
 - --har=HARFILE       Log all HTTP traffic into a HAR file
 - --hex               Use hex conversion during data retrieval
 - --output-dir=OUT..  Custom output directory path
 - --parse-errors      Parse and display DBMS error messages from responses
 - --preprocess=PRE..  Use given script(s) for preprocessing (request)
 - --postprocess=PO..  Use given script(s) for postprocessing (response)
 - --repair            Redump entries having unknown character marker (?)
 - --save=SAVECONFIG   Save options to a configuration INI file
 - --scope=SCOPE       Regexp for filtering targets
 - --skip-heuristics   Skip heuristic detection of vulnerabilities
 - --skip-waf          Skip heuristic detection of WAF/IPS protection
 - --table-prefix=T..  Prefix used for temporary tables (default: "sqlmap")
 - --test-filter=TE..  Select tests by payloads and/or titles (e.g. ROW)
 - --test-skip=TEST..  Skip tests by payloads and/or titles (e.g. BENCHMARK)
 - --time-limit=TIM..  Run with a time limit in seconds (e.g. 3600)
 - --web-root=WEBROOT  Web server document root directory (e.g. "/var/www")

Miscellaneous:

These options do not fit into any other category

 - -z MNEMONICS        Use short mnemonics (e.g. "flu,bat,ban,tec=EU")
 - --alert=ALERT       Run host OS command(s) when SQL injection is found
 - --beep              Beep on question and/or when vulnerability is found
 - --dependencies      Check for missing (optional) sqlmap dependencies
 - --disable-coloring  Disable console output coloring
 - --list-tampers      Display list of available tamper scripts
 - --no-logging        Disable logging to a file
 - --offline           Work in offline mode (only use session data)
 - --purge             Safely remove all content from sqlmap data directory
 - --results-file=R..  Location of CSV results file in multiple targets mode
 - --shell             Prompt for an interactive sqlmap shell
 - --tmp-dir=TMPDIR    Local directory for storing temporary files
 - --unstable          Adjust options for unstable connections
 - --update            Update sqlmap
 - --wizard            Simple wizard interface for beginner users

SQLi with SQLmap

We perform the attack on bWAPP.

Goal: Get some payloads to perform SQLi (GET/Search).

Use nmap to scan the network and identify the ports that are running the http and mysql services. The ports must be OPEN.

1. Start Burp Proxy in interception mode and active FoxyProxy from browser to capture the http request.
   
2. In the page vulnerable to SQLi (GET/Search) write something in the form and click search to intercept the request and get the url with parameters.
3. Save somewhere the cookie of the request, we will use to attack with SQLmap. Save the url of the page (there are the parameters inside it, in our case it's title).
4. Perform the attack: sqlmap -u "url" --cookie "cookie" -p title (title is the variable to attack). After the command u will have some payloads that u can inject in the form.
   
   
5. Send the request http into repeater and use the payloads as part of the title parameter to inject your malicious request. You can decide to use curl or burp or others tools.

Goal: Get informations of the DB's.

1. Get a list of databases present on the database server: sqlmap -u "url" --cookie "cookie" -p title --dbs
2. Get a list of tables: sqlmap -u "url" --cookie "cookie" p title -D "name_db_found" --tables
3. Get the list of columns in the specific table of the specific database found: sqlmap -u "url" --cookie "cookie" p title -D "name_db_found" --tables -T "name_table" --columns
   
   
4. Use SQLmap to dump password and email for admin from the users table: sqlmap -u "url" --cookie "cookie" -p title -D "name_db_found" -T users -C admin,password,email --dump

Goal: Get some payloads to perform SQLi (POST/Search).

1. Start Burp Proxy in interception mode and active FoxyProxy from browser to capture the http request.
2. In the page vulnerable to SQLi (POST/Search) write something in the form and click search to intercept the request and get the url with parameters.
3. Save the request http Post and rename it as request
4. Perform the attack: sqlmap -r request -p title. You receive some payloads to inject into the form.
   
   
5. Send the request http into repeater and use the payloads as part of the title parameter to inject your malicious request. You can decide to use curl or burp or others tools.
   

#Author Xiao Li Savio Feng