feat(TaskOperation): allow executing as detached task

AsyncObjects.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 /* End PBXAggregateTarget section */
 
 /* Begin PBXBuildFile section */
-		64DDE914E91EBCF451EEB28E /* AsyncObjects.docc in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 2F994B835A88B84F6C8AE38B /* AsyncObjects.docc */; };
+		15423F4ABF75D8A400B6C633 /* AsyncObjects.docc in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 92104D54C38BC7BB7060DA49 /* AsyncObjects.docc */; };
 		OBJ_106 /* AsyncCountdownEvent.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = OBJ_11 /* AsyncCountdownEvent.swift */; };
 		OBJ_107 /* AsyncEvent.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = OBJ_12 /* AsyncEvent.swift */; };
 		OBJ_108 /* AsyncObject.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = OBJ_13 /* AsyncObject.swift */; };
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 		OBJ_111 /* Continuable.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = OBJ_16 /* Continuable.swift */; };
 		OBJ_112 /* Future.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = OBJ_17 /* Future.swift */; };
 		OBJ_113 /* Locker.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = OBJ_18 /* Locker.swift */; };
-		OBJ_114 /* TaskGroup.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = OBJ_19 /* TaskGroup.swift */; };
+		OBJ_114 /* Task.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = OBJ_19 /* Task.swift */; };
 		OBJ_115 /* TaskOperation.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = OBJ_20 /* TaskOperation.swift */; };
 		OBJ_116 /* TaskQueue.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = OBJ_21 /* TaskQueue.swift */; };
 		OBJ_117 /* TaskTracker.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = OBJ_22 /* TaskTracker.swift */; };
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
 /* End PBXBuildFile section */
 
 /* Begin PBXFileReference section */
-		2F994B835A88B84F6C8AE38B /* AsyncObjects.docc */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; includeInIndex = 1; path = AsyncObjects.docc; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		92104D54C38BC7BB7060DA49 /* AsyncObjects.docc */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; includeInIndex = 1; path = AsyncObjects.docc; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		OBJ_11 /* AsyncCountdownEvent.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; path = AsyncCountdownEvent.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		OBJ_12 /* AsyncEvent.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; path = AsyncEvent.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		OBJ_13 /* AsyncObject.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; path = AsyncObject.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
 		OBJ_16 /* Continuable.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; path = Continuable.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		OBJ_17 /* Future.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; path = Future.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		OBJ_18 /* Locker.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; path = Locker.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
-		OBJ_19 /* TaskGroup.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; path = TaskGroup.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		OBJ_19 /* Task.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; path = Task.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		OBJ_20 /* TaskOperation.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; path = TaskOperation.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		OBJ_21 /* TaskQueue.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; path = TaskQueue.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		OBJ_22 /* TaskTracker.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; path = TaskTracker.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
@@ -220,11 +220,11 @@
 				OBJ_16 /* Continuable.swift */,
 				OBJ_17 /* Future.swift */,
 				OBJ_18 /* Locker.swift */,
-				OBJ_19 /* TaskGroup.swift */,
+				OBJ_19 /* Task.swift */,
 				OBJ_20 /* TaskOperation.swift */,
 				OBJ_21 /* TaskQueue.swift */,
 				OBJ_22 /* TaskTracker.swift */,
-				2F994B835A88B84F6C8AE38B /* AsyncObjects.docc */,
+				92104D54C38BC7BB7060DA49 /* AsyncObjects.docc */,
 			);
 			name = AsyncObjects;
 			path = Sources/AsyncObjects;
@@ -556,11 +556,11 @@
 				OBJ_111 /* Continuable.swift in Sources */,
 				OBJ_112 /* Future.swift in Sources */,
 				OBJ_113 /* Locker.swift in Sources */,
-				OBJ_114 /* TaskGroup.swift in Sources */,
+				OBJ_114 /* Task.swift in Sources */,
 				OBJ_115 /* TaskOperation.swift in Sources */,
 				OBJ_116 /* TaskQueue.swift in Sources */,
 				OBJ_117 /* TaskTracker.swift in Sources */,
-				64DDE914E91EBCF451EEB28E /* AsyncObjects.docc in Sources */,
+				15423F4ABF75D8A400B6C633 /* AsyncObjects.docc in Sources */,
 			);
 		};
 		OBJ_126 /* Sources */ = {

Sources/AsyncObjects/AsyncCountdownEvent.swift

@@ -47,6 +47,15 @@ public actor AsyncCountdownEvent: AsyncObject {
 
     // MARK: Internal
 
+    /// Resume provided continuation with additional changes based on the associated flags.
+    ///
+    /// - Parameter continuation: The queued continuation to resume.
+    @inlinable
+    func _resumeContinuation(_ continuation: Continuation) {
+        currentCount += 1
+        continuation.resume()
+    }
+
     /// Add continuation with the provided key in `continuations` map.
     ///
     /// - Parameters:
@@ -58,8 +67,7 @@ public actor AsyncCountdownEvent: AsyncObject {
         withKey key: UUID
     ) {
         guard !isSet, continuations.isEmpty else {
-            currentCount += 1
-            continuation.resume()
+            _resumeContinuation(continuation)
             return
         }
         continuations[key] = continuation
@@ -90,8 +98,7 @@ public actor AsyncCountdownEvent: AsyncObject {
     func _resumeContinuations() {
         while !continuations.isEmpty && isSet {
             let (_, continuation) = continuations.removeFirst()
-            continuation.resume()
-            self.currentCount += 1
+            _resumeContinuation(continuation)
         }
     }
 

Sources/AsyncObjects/TaskOperation.swift

@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ import Dispatch
 public final class TaskOperation<R: Sendable>: Operation, AsyncObject,
     @unchecked Sendable
 {
-    /// The type used to track completion of provided operation and unstructured tasks created in it.
-    private typealias Tracker = TaskTracker
     /// The asynchronous action to perform as part of the operation..
     private let underlyingAction: @Sendable () async throws -> R
     /// The top-level task that executes asynchronous action provided
@@ -29,18 +27,23 @@ public final class TaskOperation<R: Sendable>: Operation, AsyncObject,
     /// synchronize data access and modifications.
     @usableFromInline
     let locker: Locker
+
+    /// A type representing a set of behaviors for the executed
+    /// task type and task completion behavior.
+    ///
+    /// ``TaskOperation`` determines the execution behavior of
+    /// provided action as task based on the provided flags.
+    public typealias Flags = TaskOperationFlags
     /// The priority of top-level task executed.
     ///
     /// In case of `nil` priority from `Task.currentPriority`
     /// of task that starts the operation used.
     public let priority: TaskPriority?
-    /// If completion of unstructured tasks created as part of provided task
-    /// should be tracked.
+    /// A set of behaviors for the executed task type and task completion behavior.
     ///
-    /// If true, operation only completes if the provided asynchronous action
-    /// and all of its created unstructured task completes.
-    /// Otherwise, operation completes if the provided action itself completes.
-    public let shouldTrackUnstructuredTasks: Bool
+    /// Provided flags determine the execution behavior of
+    /// the action as task.
+    public let flags: Flags
 
     /// A Boolean value indicating whether the operation executes its task asynchronously.
     ///
@@ -119,14 +122,14 @@ public final class TaskOperation<R: Sendable>: Operation, AsyncObject,
     ///
     /// - Returns: The newly created asynchronous operation.
     public init(
-        trackUnstructuredTasks shouldTrackUnstructuredTasks: Bool = false,
         synchronizedWith locker: Locker = .init(),
         priority: TaskPriority? = nil,
+        flags: Flags = [],
         operation: @escaping @Sendable () async throws -> R
     ) {
-        self.shouldTrackUnstructuredTasks = shouldTrackUnstructuredTasks
         self.locker = locker
         self.priority = priority
+        self.flags = flags
         self.underlyingAction = operation
         super.init()
     }
@@ -154,22 +157,12 @@ public final class TaskOperation<R: Sendable>: Operation, AsyncObject,
     /// as part of a new top-level task on behalf of the current actor.
     public override func main() {
         guard isExecuting, execTask == nil else { return }
-        execTask = Task(priority: priority) { [weak self] in
-            guard
-                let action = self?.underlyingAction,
-                let trackUnstructuredTasks = self?.shouldTrackUnstructuredTasks
-            else { throw CancellationError() }
-            let final = { @Sendable[weak self] in self?._finish(); return }
-            return trackUnstructuredTasks
-                ? try await Tracker.$current.withValue(
-                    .init(onComplete: final),
-                    operation: action
-                )
-                : try await {
-                    defer { final() }
-                    return try await action()
-                }()
-        }
+        let final = { @Sendable[weak self] in self?._finish(); return }
+        execTask = flags.createTask(
+            priority: priority,
+            operation: underlyingAction,
+            onComplete: final
+        )
     }
 
     /// Advises the operation object that it should stop executing its task.
@@ -275,3 +268,86 @@ public final class TaskOperation<R: Sendable>: Operation, AsyncObject,
 /// if the operation hasn't been started yet with either
 /// ``TaskOperation/start()`` or ``TaskOperation/signal()``.
 public struct EarlyInvokeError: Error, Sendable {}
+
+/// A set of behaviors for ``TaskOperation``s,
+/// such as the task type and task completion behavior.
+///
+/// ``TaskOperation`` determines the execution behavior of
+/// provided action as task based on the provided flags.
+public struct TaskOperationFlags: OptionSet, Sendable {
+    /// Indicates to ``TaskOperation``, completion of unstructured tasks
+    /// created as part of provided operation should be tracked.
+    ///
+    /// If provided, GCD operation only completes if the provided asynchronous action
+    /// and all of its created unstructured task completes.
+    /// Otherwise, operation completes if the provided action itself completes.
+    public static let trackUnstructuredTasks = Self.init(rawValue: 1 << 0)
+    /// Indicates to ``TaskOperation`` to disassociate action from the current execution context
+    /// by running as a new detached task.
+    ///
+    /// Provided action is executed asynchronously as part of a new top-level task,
+    /// with the provided task priority and without inheriting actor context that started
+    /// the GCD operation.
+    public static let detached = Self.init(rawValue: 1 << 1)
+
+    /// The type used to track completion of provided operation and unstructured tasks created in it.
+    private typealias Tracker = TaskTracker
+
+    /// Runs the given throwing operation asynchronously as part of a new top-level task
+    /// based on the current flags indicating whether to on behalf of the current actor
+    /// and whether to track unstructured tasks created in provided operation.
+    ///
+    /// - Parameters:
+    ///   - priority: The priority of the task that operation executes.
+    ///               Pass `nil` to use the priority from `Task.currentPriority`
+    ///               of task that starts the operation.
+    ///   - operation: The asynchronous operation to execute.
+    ///   - completion: The action to invoke when task completes.
+    ///
+    /// - Returns: A reference to the task.
+    fileprivate func createTask<R: Sendable>(
+        priority: TaskPriority? = nil,
+        operation: @escaping @Sendable () async throws -> R,
+        onComplete completion: @escaping @Sendable () -> Void
+    ) -> Task<R, Error> {
+        typealias LocalTask = Task<R, Error>
+        typealias ThrowingAction = @Sendable () async throws -> R
+        typealias TaskInitializer = (TaskPriority?, ThrowingAction) -> LocalTask
+
+        let initializer =
+            self.contains(.detached)
+            ? LocalTask.detached
+            : LocalTask.init
+        return initializer(priority) {
+            return self.contains(.trackUnstructuredTasks)
+                ? try await Tracker.$current.withValue(
+                    .init(onComplete: completion),
+                    operation: operation
+                )
+                : try await {
+                    defer { completion() }
+                    return try await operation()
+                }()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The corresponding value of the raw type.
+    ///
+    /// A new instance initialized with rawValue will be equivalent to this instance.
+    /// For example:
+    /// ```swift
+    /// print(TaskOperationFlags(rawValue: 1 << 1) == TaskOperationFlags.detached)
+    /// // Prints "true"
+    /// ```
+    public let rawValue: UInt8
+    /// Creates a new flag from the given raw value.
+    ///
+    /// - Parameter rawValue: The raw value of the flag set to create.
+    /// - Returns: The newly created flag set.
+    ///
+    /// - Note: Do not use this method to create flag,
+    ///         use the default flags provided instead.
+    public init(rawValue: UInt8) {
+        self.rawValue = rawValue
+    }
+}

Sources/AsyncObjects/TaskQueue.swift

@@ -162,24 +162,37 @@ public actor TaskQueue: AsyncObject {
             || flags.wait(forCurrent: currentRunning)
     }
 
+    /// Resume provided continuation with additional changes based on the associated flags.
+    ///
+    /// - Parameter continuation: The queued continuation to resume.
+    /// - Returns: Whether queue is free to proceed scheduling other tasks.
+    @inlinable
+    @discardableResult
+    func _resumeQueuedContinuation(
+        _ continuation: QueuedContinuation
+    ) -> Bool {
+        currentRunning += 1
+        continuation.value.resume()
+        guard continuation.flags.isBlockEnabled else { return true }
+        blocked = true
+        return false
+    }
+
     /// Add continuation with the provided key and associated flags to queue.
     ///
     /// - Parameters:
-    ///   - flags: The flags associated with continuation operation.
     ///   - key: The key in the continuation queue.
-    ///   - continuation: The continuation to add to queue.
+    ///   - continuation: The continuation and flags to add to queue.
     @inlinable
     func _queueContinuation(
-        withFlags flags: Flags = [],
         atKey key: UUID = .init(),
-        _ continuation: Continuation
+        _ continuation: QueuedContinuation
     ) {
-        guard _wait(whenFlags: flags) else {
-            currentRunning += 1
-            continuation.resume()
+        guard _wait(whenFlags: continuation.flags) else {
+            _resumeQueuedContinuation(continuation)
             return
         }
-        queue[key] = (value: continuation, flags: flags)
+        queue[key] = continuation
     }
 
     /// Remove continuation associated with provided key from queue.
@@ -218,16 +231,12 @@ public actor TaskQueue: AsyncObject {
     /// and operation flags preconditions satisfied.
     @inlinable
     func _resumeQueuedTasks() {
-        while let (_, (continuation, flags)) = queue.elements.first,
+        while let (_, continuation) = queue.elements.first,
             !blocked,
-            !flags.wait(forCurrent: currentRunning)
+            !continuation.flags.wait(forCurrent: currentRunning)
         {
             queue.removeFirst()
-            currentRunning += 1
-            continuation.resume()
-            guard flags.isBlockEnabled else { continue }
-            blocked = true
-            break
+            guard _resumeQueuedContinuation(continuation) else { break }
         }
     }
 
@@ -252,9 +261,8 @@ public actor TaskQueue: AsyncObject {
             try await Continuation.with { continuation in
                 Task { [weak self] in
                     await self?._queueContinuation(
-                        withFlags: flags,
                         atKey: key,
-                        continuation
+                        (value: continuation, flags: flags)
                     )
                 }
             }

Tests/AsyncObjectsTests/StandardLibraryTests.swift

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import XCTest
 
 /// Tests inner workings of structured concurrency
-@MainActor
 class StandardLibraryTests: XCTestCase {
 
     func testTaskValueFetchingCancelation() async throws {

Tests/AsyncObjectsTests/TaskOperationTests.swift

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class TaskOperationTests: XCTestCase {
     func createOperationWithChildTasks(
         track: Bool = false
     ) -> TaskOperation<Void> {
-        return TaskOperation(trackUnstructuredTasks: track) {
+        return TaskOperation(flags: track ? .trackUnstructuredTasks : []) {
             Task {
                 try await Self.sleep(seconds: 1)
             }