Upgrade docker base image

[samuelwei]

Fixes #704

Type (Highlight the corresponding type)

• Bugfix
• Feature
• Documentation
• Refactoring (e.g. Style updates, Test implementation, etc.)
• Other (please describe):

Checklist

• Code updated to current develop branch head
• Passes CI checks
• Is a part of an issue
• Tests added for the bugfix or newly implemented feature, describe below why if not
• Changelog is updated
• Documentation of code and features exists

Changes

• Bump docker base image to PHP 8.3
• Upgrade xdebug

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Comparison is base (6de8c4d) 95.09% compared to head (3581b09) 95.47%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@              Coverage Diff              @@
##             develop     #735      +/-   ##
=============================================
+ Coverage      95.09%   95.47%   +0.37%     
  Complexity      1025     1025              
=============================================
  Files            279      172     -107     
  Lines           6569     3626    -2943     
  Branches         542        0     -542     
=============================================
- Hits            6247     3462    -2785     
+ Misses           311      164     -147     
+ Partials          11        0      -11     

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