Add Solver For Linear Diophantine Equations

[rahulc29]

Description

Closes #2742
Add a solver for linear diophantine equations.

• Add an algorithm?
• Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• Documentation change?

References

See : Issue #2742

Checklist:

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• All filenames are in all uppercase characters with no spaces or dashes.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in its comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanation.
• If this pull request resolves one or more open issues then the commit message contains Fixes: #{$ISSUE_NO}.