Create delta_encoding.py

[Craniace]

Describe your change:

• Added a new data compression algorithm: Delta Encoding.
  This algorithm encodes data by storing the difference between consecutive elements, reducing redundancy and improving compression for certain types of sequences.

• Add an algorithm?
• Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• Add or change doctests? -- Note: Please avoid changing both code and tests in a single pull request.
• Documentation change?

Checklist:

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, separate PRs are opened for separate algorithms.
• All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory (data_compression/).
• All filenames are in lowercase characters with no spaces or dashes.
• All functions and variable names follow Python naming conventions.
• All function parameters and return values are annotated with Python type hints.
• All functions have doctests that pass automated testing.
• The algorithm includes at least one external reference for explanation.
  Example: Wikipedia - Delta encoding
• If this pull request resolves one or more open issues, the description above includes the issue number(s) with a closing keyword (e.g., "Fixes added timsort.py #123").

[algorithms-keeper]

Multiple Pull Request Detected

@Craniace, we are extremely excited that you want to submit multiple algorithms in this repository but we have a limit on how many pull request a user can keep open at a time. This is to make sure all maintainers and users focus on a limited number of pull requests at a time to maintain the quality of the code.

This pull request is being closed as the user already has an open pull request. Please focus on your previous pull request before opening another one. Thank you for your cooperation.

User opened pull requests (including this one): #13833, #13831, #13827, #13826