The GCP CloudSQL Connector library used by this project (https://pypi.org/project/cloud-sql-python-connector/) provides Automatic IAM Database Authentication to use the ADC (Application Default Credentials) to authenticate. This allows clients to authenticate using local credentials whether they are a human running on a local machine or a service account running e.g. in a GKE cluster.
However, SQLMesh arbitrarily restricts this functionality. When setting up the GCP Postgres gateway, I set enable_iam_auth as true (per https://sqlmesh.readthedocs.io/en/stable/integrations/engines/gcp-postgres/#connection-options), but SQLMesh demands that the user field is also filled out, eliminating the underlying connector library's functionality for ADC-based authentication.