Topology Bench

Our work benchmarks physical topologies representing optical fibre networks for open research.

Systematic Graph Based Benchmarking for Optical Networks

TopologyBench standardises research on core optical networks. The dataset is uniform, homogenous and accessible and contains real-world and synthetically generated physical topologies as graphs. This availability of diverse large-scale graphs will enable benchmarking of algorithms and machine learning models.

Open and Accessible Data

There are three datasets available for download on Zenodo: https://zenodo.org/records/13921775.

Name	Type	Number of Topologies	Format
Real Topologies	Real World Existing Topologies	105	Excel
Syn-small	Synthetic Topologies	900	Pickle
Syn-large	Synthetic Topologies	200k+	Pickle

Reproducible Analysis

The statistical analysis of real and synthetic topologies in the Topology Bench paper is https://github.com/TopologyBench/analysis.

Analysis File	Description	Class
correlation	Summary stats, correlations and outliers of graph metrics associated with real topologies	Real
clustering	Computes the clustering on 105 real topologies using k means and SVM	Real
generation	Generates the topology using SNR BA model	Synthetic-small
analysis	Structural, physical and spectral analysis of real and synthetic topologies	Synthetic-small
analysis	Analysis of large dataset	Synthetic-large

Real World Topology Clustering

The following table covers the list of 105 topologies collected, processed and analysed in the dataset benchmark. The category column represents the group a topology belongs to after using multivariate structural, physical and spatial metrics. The topology is survivable if each node has a minimum of node degree 2.

No.	Topology Name	Nodes	Edges	Average Node Degree	Diameter (Hops)	Average Link Length (km)	Algebraic Connectivity	Region	Category Name	Survivable
1	ABILENE	11	14	2.55	5	1353.28	0.13	USA	Class 2	survivable
2	ANS	18	25	2.78	6	1358.61	0.07	USA	Class 3	non-survivable
3	ARNES	17	20	2.35	6	51.55	0.1	Slovenia	Class 3	survivable
4	ARPANET	20	32	3.2	6	1173.06	0.1	USA	Class 3	survivable
5	ATMNET	21	22	2.1	9	826.88	0.05	USA	Class 1	non-survivable
6	BBNPLANET	27	28	2.07	7	853.54	0.03	USA	Class 3	non-survivable
7	BEYONDTHENETWORK	29	41	2.83	6	888.67	0.05	USA	Class 3	non-survivable
8	BICS	33	48	2.91	8	610.97	0.04	Europe	Class 3	non-survivable
9	BIZNET	28	32	2.29	15	155.34	0.01	Indonesia	Class 1	non-survivable
10	BREN	10	11	2.2	4	170.27	0.17	Bulgaria	Class 2	survivable
11	CANARIE19	19	26	2.74	7	923.11	0.08	Canada/USA	Class 3	survivable
12	CANARIE24	24	33	2.75	7	966.22	0.051	Canada/USA	Class 3	non-survivable
13	CERNET	36	51	2.83	5	855.46	0.08	China	Class 3	non-survivable
14	CESNET	12	19	3.17	4	136.97	0.2	China	Class 3	survivable
15	CLARANET	15	18	2.4	4	659.69	0.25	Europe	Class 3	non-survivable
16	CONUS100	100	136	2.72	15	1380.74	0.02	USA	Class 1	survivable
17	CONUS30	30	36	2.4	11	780.28	0.03	USA	Class 1	survivable
18	CONUS6077	60	77	2.57	14	521	0.02	USA	Class 1	survivable
19	CONUS6079	60	79	2.63	15	543.87	0.02	USA	Class 1	survivable
20	CONUS75	75	99	2.64	17	494.35	0.01	USA	Class 1	survivable
21	CORONET	60	79	2.63	15	543.87	0.02	USA	Class 1	survivable
22	COST	37	57	3.08	8	648.17	0.04	Europe	Class 3	survivable
23	CRLNETWORKSERVICES	33	38	2.3	10	924.96	0.02	USA	Class 1	non-survivable
24	CWIX	23	29	2.52	7	922.32	0.07	USA	Class 3	non-survivable
25	DARKSTRAND	28	31	2.21	11	681.4	0.04	USA	Class 1	survivable
26	DIGEX	31	35	2.26	10	803.3	0.04	USA	Class 1	survivable
27	DT17	14	22	3.14	5	185.58	0.2	Germany	Class 3	survivable
28	ELIBACKBONE	20	30	3	6	1056.6	0.1	USA	Class 3	survivable
29	EON	19	37	3.89	5	918.67	0.14	Europe	Class 3	survivable
30	EPOCH	6	7	2.33	3	2277.42	0.27	USA	Class 2	survivable
31	ERNET	16	18	2.25	4	897.72	0.19	India	Class 3	non-survivable
32	FUNET	24	27	2.25	9	157.81	0.06	Finland	Class 1	non-survivable
33	GAMBIA	12	12	2	5	61.57	0.1	Gambia	Class 2	non-survivable
34	GBLNET	8	7	1.75	4	818.59	0.27	Europe	Class 2	non-survivable
35	GEANT	22	36	3.27	5	1388.75	0.15	Inter-Continental	Class 3	survivable
36	GEANT2	35	55	3.14	8	881.15	0.07	Europe	Class 3	survivable
37	GERMANY50	50	88	3.52	9	193.14	0.05	Germany	Class 3	survivable
38	GETNET	7	8	2.29	3	2146.64	0.57	USA	Class 2	non-survivable
39	GRNET	34	39	2.29	8	190.21	0.14	Greece	Class 3	non-survivable
40	GTSCZECHREPUBLIC	26	25	1.92	17	92.29	0.01	Czech Republic	Class 1	non-survivable
41	GTSPOLAND	26	28	2.15	12	154.73	0.05	Poland	Class 1	non-survivable
42	HIBERNIACANADA	10	10	2	7	1615.95	0.07	Canada	Class 2	non-survivable
43	HIBERNIAGLOBAL	53	76	2.87	18	719.31	0.01	Global	Class 1	non-survivable
44	HIBERNIAIRELAND	6	6	2	3	142.22	0.43	Ireland	Class 1	non-survivable
45	HIBERNIANIRELAND	15	16	2.13	10	64.05	0.02	Ireland	Class 2	non-survivable
46	HIBERNIAUK	13	13	2	6	104.95	0.08	UK	Class 2	survivable
47	HIBERNIAUS	20	27	2.7	10	405.3	0.01	USA	Class 1	non-survivable
48	HOSTWAYINTERNATIONAL	16	21	2.63	8	4159.84	0.05	Global	Class 3	non-survivable
49	IBM	18	24	2.67	6	1258.93	0.07	USA	Class 3	non-survivable
50	INTEGRA	27	36	2.67	7	757.45	0.09	USA	Class 3	non-survivable
51	IRIS	50	64	2.56	10	94.34	0.03	USA	Class 1	non-survivable
52	ISTAR	19	19	2	7	696.54	0.07	Canada	Class 1	non-survivable
53	ITALY	21	35	3.33	7	271.16	0.07	Italy	Class 3	survivable
54	JANOSUS	26	42	3.23	8	882.12	0.08	USA	Class 3	survivable
55	JGN2PLUS	11	10	1.82	7	598.39	0.03	Japan	Class 2	non-survivable
56	JPN12	12	17	2.83	5	623.44	0.09	Japan	Class 3	survivable
57	JPN25	25	43	3.44	8	318.7	0.03	Japan	Class 3	survivable
58	JPN48	48	82	3.42	14	230.69	0.01	Japan	Class 1	survivable
59	KAREN	22	25	2.27	6	145.81	0.06	New Zealand	Class 3	non-survivable
60	LAMBDARAIL	19	23	2.42	7	907.53	0.07	USA	Class 1	survivable
61	LAYER42	6	7	2.33	3	2056.05	0.73	USA	Class 2	non-survivable
62	LONI	32	36	2.25	12	76.72	0.03	USA (Louisiana)	Class 1	survivable
63	MARWAN	6	6	2	3	413.97	0.3	Morocco	Class 2	survivable
64	MEMOREX	19	24	2.53	7	205.93	0.06	Europe	Class 3	survivable
65	METRONA	33	41	2.48	11	640.21	0.01	UK	Class 1	survivable
66	MZIMA	14	18	2.57	5	1239.8	0.11	USA	Class 3	survivable
67	NETRAIL	7	10	2.86	2	1768.6	0.36	USA	Class 2	survivable
68	NETWORKUSA	35	39	2.23	10	130.86	0.02	USA	Class 1	non-survivable
69	NEWNET	26	31	2.38	9	787.7	0.05	USA	Class 1	survivable
70	NEXTGEN	16	16	2	13	661.5	0.01	Australia	Class 1	non-survivable
71	NOBELEU	28	41	2.93	8	622.18	0.05	Europe	Class 3	survivable
72	NOBELGERMANY	17	26	3.06	6	215	0.17	Germany	Class 3	survivable
73	NOBELUS	14	21	3	3	1464.78	0.27	USA	Class 3	survivable
74	NOEL	19	25	2.63	6	157.52	0.17	USA	Class 3	non-survivable
75	NSFNET13	13	15	2.31	5	1480.27	0.22	USA	Class 3	non-survivable
76	OPTUNETSWEDEN	25	29	2.32	12	253.13	0.03	Sweden	Class 1	non-survivable
77	OXFORD	19	25	2.63	7	81.52	0.06	USA	Class 3	survivable
78	PACKETEXCHANGE	21	27	2.57	9	3410.12	0.02	Global	Class 1	non-survivable
79	PALMETTO	45	64	2.84	12	100.53	0.03	USA	Class 1	non-survivable
80	PIONIER	21	25	2.38	7	183.21	0.07	Poland	Class 3	survivable
81	PIONIERL3	27	32	2.37	10	167.05	0.04	Poland	Class 1	non-survivable
82	POLSKA	12	18	3	4	282.11	0.21	Poland	Class 3	survivable
83	PORTUGAL	26	36	2.77	8	263.17	0.04	Portugal	Class 3	survivable
84	PSINET	24	25	2.08	11	769.97	0.02	USA	Class 1	non-survivable
85	RAILTELINDIA	19	28	2.95	6	649.37	0.18	India	Class 3	survivable
86	REDCLARA	14	17	2.43	4	2717.7	0.25	South America	Class 3	non-survivable
87	REDIRIS	18	30	3.33	4	506.26	0.2	Spain	Class 3	survivable
88	RENATER	27	35	2.59	6	231.56	0.12	France	Class 3	survivable
89	RENATER1999	24	23	1.92	7	289.84	0.08	France	Class 3	non-survivable
90	RENATER2001	24	27	2.25	6	273.86	0.13	France	Class 3	non-survivable
91	RENATER2004	24	29	2.42	7	269.53	0.13	France	Class 3	non-survivable
92	RENATER2006	26	34	2.62	7	247.94	0.1	France	Class 3	non-survivable
93	RENATER2008	26	34	2.62	7	247.94	0.1	France	Class 3	non-survivable
94	RENATER2010	37	48	2.59	9	215.25	0.07	France	Class 3	non-survivable
95	RNPBRAZIL	10	12	2.4	5	1049.74	0.18	Brazil	Class 2	survivable
96	SAGO	18	17	1.89	14	108.52	0.02	USA	Class 1	non-survivable
97	SANET	46	55	2.39	13	32.53	0.02	Slovakia	Class 1	non-survivable
98	SANREN	7	7	2	3	692.31	0.15	South Africa	Class 2	survivable
99	SAVVIS	19	20	2.11	8	811.75	0.04	USA	Class 1	non-survivable
100	SPIRALIGHT	15	16	2.13	8	132.21	0.07	USA	Class 3	survivable
101	TATANID	142	180	2.54	28	200.76	0.01	India	Class 1	non-survivable
102	TELECOMSERBIA	6	6	2	3	213.98	0.29	Serbia	Class 2	survivable
103	UNIC	15	17	2.27	8	72.73	0.04	Denmark	Class 1	non-survivable
104	USA100	100	171	3.42	16	411.74	0.02	USA	Class 1	survivable
105	VIA	9	12	2.67	4	821.66	0.27	Europe	Class 2	survivabl

Acknowledgements

The research was supported by the University of Cambridge, University College London, EPSRC, British Telecommunications, Google Generation Scholarship, and TRANSNET.

A quick summary of The Topology Bench Paper - Presented at TOP conference, 2025.

If you use any of the data provided, please cite our paper:

@article{matzner2024topology,
  title={Topology Bench: systematic graph-based benchmarking for core optical networks},
  author={Matzner, Robin and Ahuja, Akanksha and Sadeghi, Rasoul and Doherty, Michael and Beghelli, Alejandra and Savory, Seb J and Bayvel, Polina},
  journal={Journal of Optical Communications and Networking},
  volume={17},
  number={1},
  pages={7--27},
  year={2024},
  publisher={IEEE}
}```