Refactored weather extensions to decrease HEAP usage

[JanPetterMG]

Refactors the weather services to reduce reliance on std::vector, replacing it with fixed-size std::array and non-owning std::span where feasible. This removes avoidable dynamic allocations and improves determinism.

Key changes

• Replaced std::vector with std::array/std::span where possible
• Moved weather code/condition tables toward compile-time definitions where applicable
• Simplified parsing and lookup paths by removing heap-backed containers in hot paths

Impact

• Fewer dynamic allocations → reduced heap fragmentation risk
• More predictable memory/performance characteristics