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Digital Energy Meter Using Arduino

A real-time AC energy monitoring system built with Arduino Uno that measures voltage, current, power, and energy consumption — displayed on a 16×2 I2C LCD.

Features

  • Real-time AC Voltage (Vrms) measurement
  • Real-time AC Current (Irms) measurement
  • Instantaneous Power (Watts) calculation
  • Cumulative Energy (kWh) tracking
  • Auto offset calibration on startup
  • Noise filtering for stable zero reading
  • 16×2 I2C LCD display (refreshes every 500ms)
  • Buzzer alert for overcurrent protection

Hardware Requirements

Component Specification
Microcontroller Arduino Uno (ATmega328P)
Voltage Sensor ZMPT101B AC Voltage Sensor
Current Sensor ACS712 (30A) Module
Display 16×2 LCD with I2C (0x27)
Alert 5V Buzzer
Power Supply 5V USB / DC Adapter
Load (Test) AC Bulb / Fan

Circuit Connections

Component Pin Arduino Pin
ZMPT101B OUT A0
ZMPT101B VCC 5V
ZMPT101B GND GND
ACS712 OUT A1
ACS712 VCC 5V
ACS712 GND GND
LCD I2C SDA A4
LCD I2C SCL A5
LCD I2C VCC 5V
LCD I2C GND GND
Buzzer + D8
Buzzer - GND

Use isolation transformer or optocoupler when connecting to 230V AC mains. Never connect AC directly to Arduino pins.

Software Requirements

  • Arduino IDE 1.8+
  • LiquidCrystal_I2C Library
  • Wire.h (built-in)
  • math.h (built-in)

Install Library

About

"Arduino-based digital energy meter that measures real-time AC voltage, current, power & kWh using ZMPT101B and ACS712 sensors, displayed on 16×2 LCD."

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