refactor: Replace static_cast by (un)safe_cast wherever possible.

[bthomee]

High Level Overview of Change

This change replaces all static_cast by safe_cast or unsafe_cast wherever possible.

Context of Change

The intention of the safe_cast and unsafe_cast functions is mainly for developers. It allows you to see at a glance if you have to worry about overflows and similar issues. They are also a great shortcut for casting enums. The functions are only for integral types for now, but they could be extended to cover other types in the future.

The change in this PR:

1. Replaced all static_cast calls by safe_cast calls.
2. Repeatedly compiled, and changed safe_cast to unsafe_cast or otherwise to static_cast if building failed.
3. Added the safe_cast.h include if needed.

Type of Change

• Refactor (non-breaking change that only restructures code)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 81.51261% with 44 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 78.2%. Comparing base (68ba202) to head (dea68dc).
Report is 30 commits behind head on bthomee/quality.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/libxrpl/json/json_reader.cpp	44.4%	10 Missing ⚠️
src/xrpld/overlay/detail/PeerImp.cpp	0.0%	7 Missing ⚠️
src/xrpld/app/misc/NetworkOPs.cpp	68.8%	5 Missing ⚠️
src/libxrpl/protocol/STAmount.cpp	83.3%	3 Missing ⚠️
include/xrpl/basics/CompressionAlgorithms.h	0.0%	2 Missing ⚠️
include/xrpl/protocol/AmountConversions.h	0.0%	2 Missing ⚠️
src/xrpld/overlay/Compression.h	0.0%	2 Missing ⚠️
include/xrpl/protocol/detail/token_errors.h	50.0%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/libxrpl/crypto/RFC1751.cpp	83.3%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/libxrpl/json/json_writer.cpp	83.3%	1 Missing ⚠️
... and 10 more

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff               @@
##           bthomee/quality   #5319   +/-   ##
===============================================
  Coverage             78.2%   78.2%           
===============================================
  Files                  790     790           
  Lines                67725   67725           
  Branches              8175    8175           
===============================================
+ Hits                 52945   52947    +2     
+ Misses               14780   14778    -2     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
include/xrpl/basics/StringUtilities.h	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
include/xrpl/basics/TaggedCache.h	87.2% <100.0%> (ø)
include/xrpl/basics/base_uint.h	96.8% <100.0%> (ø)
include/xrpl/basics/random.h	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
include/xrpl/protocol/HashPrefix.h	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
include/xrpl/protocol/MultiApiJson.h	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
include/xrpl/protocol/Quality.h	98.6% <100.0%> (ø)
include/xrpl/protocol/STBase.h	94.1% <ø> (ø)
include/xrpl/protocol/Serializer.h	94.8% <100.0%> (ø)
include/xrpl/protocol/XRPAmount.h	98.9% <100.0%> (ø)
... and 68 more

... and 2 files with indirect coverage changes

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[bthomee]

We'll use automated tools to identify and, hopefully, fix these issues by running as pre-commit.