Use this repo to learn and revise git commands

Installing Git

on linux sudo pacman -S git

adding git-autocomplete.bash to profiles.bash for git to support auto completion in git

1. copy the git-completion.bash file from github to local machine in home directory with this command - curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/git/git/master/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash -o ~/.git-completion.bash

2. find .bash_profile in home directory - cd ls now check if there's a .bash_profile file , if yes then open it with code or nano in command line - to open in code run -

code .bash_profile

then paste the following code at the end of the file -

if [ -f ~/.git-completion.bash ]; then
  . ~/.git-completion.bash 
fi

autocomplete suggestions are now enabled in git 😉

Git configure

open command line and type -

3 places to config git

• --system configures the setting systemwide for all users
• --global configure the setting for the current user on his all repos
• --local configures the setting only on the current project

git config --global user.name "*enter-your-github-username-here*>"

git config --global user.email "*enter your github email here*"

git config --global color.ui true to use colors in git shell (improvse readablility)

git config --global core.editor "code --wait" sets up code as default text editor

git config --global credential.helper store stores the PAT on the first time you enter it after running this command , and uses it to automatically authenitcate your command line with github so that you don't have to manually enter it every time you make a pull or push request

now for example lets clone a repo to our local machine from github

copy the github repo url and add ".git" at the end of it

now the url is https://www.github.com/example-user/example-project.git

copy this url to the clipboard .

on the command line navigate to the folder where you want to store the repos of github , for me it's the ~/repos folder

cd repos/

then run

git clone *paste the url from clipboard here*

example - git clone https://github.com/templar-command0/learn-git-and-github.git

this will clone the repo locally in a folder and name the folder with the project name in my case the folder path is ~/repos/learn-git-and-github

then enter the project using

cd *project-name*

example cd learn-git-and-github

then follow the below tutorial to generate your PAT to access github from command line.

Accessing Github from Command Line using PAT

• goto github.com

• click on dropdown on topright of your screen on side of your profile pic -> select settings

• scroll to the bottom of the left panel and select developer settings

• then select personal accesss tokens

• and create a token with repo permission

• i also give it delte repo permission then copy the generated token to clipboard.

go back to the command line and make sure you are in your project folder , to check run

pwd

it shows the path of the directory you are currently in

then run

git push

it will prompt you for the user name enter your username don't enter your password enter your PAT instead , paste it by ctrl+shift+v and press enter

if it succeeds then run the git push command again and see that it doesn't ask for authentication again

it it fails check the PAT you copied , if you lost it by accident follow the Accessing Github from Command Line using PAT again to generate a new PAT and enter it again it should work.

Staging Files

• git add --all
• git add -A
• git add . // the period is the shortcut in linux to access the current directory Commit
• git commit -m "first commit" // -m for specifyinga commit message

Git environments

• working
• staging
• commit

Files States

• tracked files files present in previous commit
• untracked files files not present in previous commit

Tracked Files

• Unmodified
• modified
• staged

Viewing Satus

• git status

Restoring Files

• git restore .
• git checkout .

Why Ignore Files

• Sensitive info // authentication tokens, api keys , passwords
• Personal Notes // to-do items
• System Files // mac uses a .DS_store file , vs code uses a .vscode file to save local preferences

.gitignore

.DS_Store .vscode/ .authentication.js node_modules notes/ **/*todo.md //here backward slashes are used to tell eiditor to not treat asterisk specially

git by default doesn't track .md files

Global Ignore File

• git config --global core.excludesfile [file]

Clearing the Cache

• git rm -r --cached .

rm tells to remove -r tells to remove recursively -used to delete multiple files

Deleting and Renaming Files

git rm git mv // used to rename or movefiles

for example to move index.html to docs/index.html -$ git mv index.hmtl docs/index.html

git log --oneline

compact view of git logs

Differences

• git diff
• git diff --color-words

better alternative - Git Lens extension

Changing History

• git commit --amend

• git commit --am "New Commit message"

• git commit --amend --no-edit

• git reset

then stage the changes and commit them

example -$ git reset 782b1a4

Rebasing

• git rebase /
• git rebase --interactive /
• git rebase -i HEAD~//
• git rebase -i --root

Branches

• git branch

copying a branch

• git switch -c NAME //here -c copies the current branch to new branch with name = NAME
• git checkout -b NAME

Switch Branch

• git switch

Merging

• git merge //mergers the branch in current branch.

Deleting a Branch

• git branch --delete NAME
• git branch -d NAME
• git branch -D NAME

Git Flow

• Feature/Fix Branch
• Make Changes
• Merge to Master
• Delete old branch

Stashing Code

git stash

• git stash list

shows the list of stashes

• git stash apply

applies the changes of the stash and preserves the stash

• git stash pop

applies the changes of the stash and deletes the stash from the stash list

• git restore .

restores the code to original by removing stash changes

Git Clean

• git clean
• git clean -n // dry run
• git clean -d // directories
• git clean -f // force

for example to remove FAkeDocs/jj.txt

• git clean -fd

will remove FAkeDocs directory - can also try out "-i" with "-d"

GitHub

• Cloud Repository
• Collaborative Development
• Project Management create issues and assign them to developers

working with github

• set up remote
• Push
• Fetch / Pull

Remotes

• git remote add NAME url
• git remote remove NAME
• git rename OLDNAME NEWNAME
• git remote -v

Git Push

• git push REMOTE BRANCH
• git push --set-upstream-to origin main
• git push -u origin main // --set-upstream
• git push --all
• git branch --set-upstream-to <origin/remote-branch>

Organizing Projects

• Contributors
• Issues
• Labels
• Milestones
• Projects

Syncing GitHub

Clone - make a copy on the repository on our local machine

Fetch - downloads information from the remote

Pull - git pull

1. git clone "url + .git" ex- git clone https://github.com/templar-command0/multiple-products-page.git

2. git fetch

3. git branch // shows branches on local

4. git branch -a //shows all branches on local and remote

5. git pull

6. git branch --set-upstream-to=origin/main main

7. git pull

Working with .md markdown files

Add Heading # means

heading ## means

heading which is smaller than h2 ###### means

heading which is the smallest

examples of h1 heading

H1 heading

h2 heading

h3 heading

h4 heading

h6 heading

images

![alternate text here](https://www.imageUrlHere.com)

if you don't use the ! sign at the start then it will show as a link with the alternate text as link name and image url as the href of the link

for example-

[this is my image link](https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/100400299?s=400&u=014eefa677c44994f49f819fd0d24a60b7f05943&v=4)

the above code will render like this - this is my image link

### [My Github Profile Link](https://github.com/templar-command0/)

this code will render this

My Github Profile

create ordered and unordered lists

- Unordered list Item 
- Unordered list second item 
  - unordered sub list 
  - unordered sub list item 2

1. ordered list item1 
  1. ordered sub-list item 1
  2. orderd sub-list item 2 

below is the depiction of the above code

• Unordered list Item
• Unordered list second item
  • unordered sub list
  • unordered sub list item 2

1. ordered list item1.
2. ordered list item2
3. ordered sub-list item 1
4. orderd sub-list item 2