Refactor component data type handling

[allenporter]

Move the data type handling into the data type subdirectory.

Issue #141

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 98.68421% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 97.30%. Comparing base (283eaff) to head (d6808b6).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
ical/types/data_types.py	98.46%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #579      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   97.16%   97.30%   +0.14%     
==========================================
  Files          54       54              
  Lines        3278     3264      -14     
==========================================
- Hits         3185     3176       -9     
+ Misses         93       88       -5     

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