Modernize Rust codebase: Update to Rust 2024, enhance clippy lints, and general improvements

[mre]

This PR modernizes the Rust codebase with several improvements:

Changes Made

Rust 2024 Edition

• Updated Cargo.toml edition to "2024"
• Added comprehensive package metadata (description, license, repository, keywords, categories)

Enhanced Clippy Configuration

• Added strict clippy lints with proper priority handling
• Configured lint groups: correctness, suspicious, complexity, perf, style, cargo, nursery
• Set appropriate warning levels and priorities to avoid conflicts

Code Improvements

• Fixed chrono deprecation warnings: Updated deprecated DateTime::from_utc() and NaiveDate::signed_duration_since() calls to use current API
• Enhanced error handling: Replaced unwrap() calls with safe pattern matching
• Type safety improvements: Added explicit type annotations where needed

Dependency Updates

• Updated all dependencies to latest compatible versions
• Maintained backward compatibility

Build System Enhancements

• Enhanced Makefile: Added development targets (check, clippy, fmt, test, clean, help)
• Better developer experience: Clear targets for common development tasks

Testing

• All changes tested successfully with make check and make render
• No breaking changes to existing functionality
• All clippy warnings addressed

Verification

The modernized codebase maintains full compatibility while providing:

• Stricter code quality enforcement through enhanced linting
• Better developer experience with improved build targets
• Future-proofed code using latest Rust 2024 features
• Updated dependencies for security and performance benefits