refactor: switch to HttpClient

[crisbeto]

Refactors all of the usages of the deprecated Http by replacing them with the HttpClient.

Note: We need to keep @angular/http as a dev dependency in order for the prerender CI check to work.

BREAKING CHANGE: Material now requires @angular/common instead of @angular/http and uses HttpClient instead of Http.

[rafaelss95]

I think it's already covered by #6454.

[jelbourn]

LGTM

[jelbourn]

@crisbeto just needs rebase

[jelbourn]

Caretaker note: if anyone is mocking the requests in google we'll need to update their tests

[jelbourn]

Looks like this one needs rebease

[crisbeto]

Rebased.

[mmalerba]

please rebase

[princemaple]

Will this be merged soon? Was hoping it could make beta 11, well...

[cyrilletuzi]

@rafaelss95 thanks for noticing my work ;)

[jelbourn]

Status update: after some super fun time debugging an issue with HttpClient and Closure Compiler, we have a fix (angular/angular#19360, plus some internal google stuff), on top of having patches ready for Google apps' tests that depended on the old MockBackend done

[andrewseguin]

Needs rebase

[crisbeto]

Rebased @andrewseguin.

[andrey-programmist]

It's need to remove @angular/http from platform-server
http

[Splaktar]

This merge did unfortunately add back MdIconRegistry instead of MatIconRegistry: https://github.com/angular/material2/blob/master/src/lib/icon/icon-registry.ts#L491

[andrewseguin]

Thanks @Splaktar - made PR in #8940

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