fix: enhance CTE resolution with identifier normalization

[kysshsy]

Which issue does this PR close?

• Closes Implementing CatalogProvider breaks quoted CTE names #18932

Rationale for this change

• Quoted CTE references (e.g., WITH barbaz AS (...) SELECT * FROM "barbaz") were being collected as table refs and could fall through to catalog lookup instead of resolving to the CTE, especially with custom providers.

What changes are included in this PR?

• Normalize CTE and table references consistently during collection (preserve quote style; only lowercase unquoted idents when enabled).
• Avoid double-normalization when converting to TableReference in the resolve path.

Are these changes tested?

Yes

Are there any user-facing changes?

• Behavior fix for quoted CTE references; no API changes.