[Enhancement] Support print stack API

[zclllyybb]

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Description

In production environments, we often need to print the stack of doris_be, but using methods like pstack is not acceptable because:

1. It is slow
2. It might cause the BE to crash
   Therefore, we need a better way to print the stack, limiting the impact on the process to the second/sub-second level, accurate and without crash risk.

Solution

Conduct thorough research on mainstream C++ server stack tracing methods, including but not limited to https://github.com/oceanbase/obstack for OceanBase, https://clickhouse.com/docs/operations/system-tables/stack_trace for ClickHouse, and brpc's /threads API. Verify their performance and stability in practice. Output research and design documentations.
Complete the code development and detailed stability verification according to the decided plan.

Are you willing to submit PR?

• Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

Code of Conduct

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