[fix](QueryDetail) fix QueryDetail may be incorrect and null pointer exception

[luozenglin]

Proposed changes

Issue Number: close #14937

Problem summary

If sql throws an exception during the analysis phase, it will not update the QueryDetail, which will cause the QueryDetail in the ConnectContext to be inaccurate, and if this happens during the connection, there will be a null pointer exception causing the connection to fail.

Checklist(Required)

1. Does it affect the original behavior:
   • Yes
   • No
   • I don't know
2. Has unit tests been added:
   • Yes
   • No
   • No Need
3. Has document been added or modified:
   • Yes
   • No
   • No Need
4. Does it need to update dependencies:
   • Yes
   • No
5. Are there any changes that cannot be rolled back:
   • Yes (If Yes, please explain WHY)
   • No

Further comments

If this is a relatively large or complex change, kick off the discussion at dev@doris.apache.org by explaining why you chose the solution you did and what alternatives you considered, etc...

[hello-stephen]

TeamCity pipeline, clickbench performance test result:
the sum of best hot time: 36.59 seconds
load time: 489 seconds
storage size: 17122241897 Bytes
https://doris-community-test-1308700295.cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com/tmp/20230110175530_clickbench_pr_77020.html

[yangzhg]

LGTM

[github-actions]

PR approved by at least one committer and no changes requested.

[github-actions]

PR approved by anyone and no changes requested.