[fix](cast) fix wrong result while cast string to float (#31781)

[cambyzju]

Issue Number: close #31518

cherry-pick #31781 to 2.0

Further comments

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[doris-robot]

Thank you for your contribution to Apache Doris.
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[cambyzju]

run buildall

[doris-robot]

TPC-H: Total hot run time: 49995 ms

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/tpch-tools
Tpch sf100 test result on commit 548647768f5ec420227a707496f0cd10e1df93fd, data reload: false

------ Round 1 ----------------------------------
q1	17587	4401	4367	4367
q2	2075	151	147	147
q3	10546	1942	1934	1934
q4	10329	1231	1331	1231
q5	8415	3934	3975	3934
q6	228	124	125	124
q7	2042	1602	1623	1602
q8	9270	2715	2723	2715
q9	11118	10601	10542	10542
q10	8649	3479	3515	3479
q11	421	244	246	244
q12	472	294	300	294
q13	18354	3975	3995	3975
q14	344	333	334	333
q15	499	451	458	451
q16	682	593	587	587
q17	1118	938	957	938
q18	7258	6875	6814	6814
q19	1655	1517	1484	1484
q20	537	308	293	293
q21	4434	4141	4106	4106
q22	509	405	401	401
Total cold run time: 116542 ms
Total hot run time: 49995 ms

----- Round 2, with runtime_filter_mode=off -----
q1	4335	4330	4300	4300
q2	320	225	219	219
q3	4174	4127	4103	4103
q4	2742	2746	2734	2734
q5	7326	7217	7187	7187
q6	234	121	121	121
q7	3185	2876	2824	2824
q8	4342	4485	4452	4452
q9	17615	17302	17435	17302
q10	4238	4228	4265	4228
q11	758	718	682	682
q12	1021	862	832	832
q13	7468	3719	3755	3719
q14	451	433	422	422
q15	499	461	467	461
q16	753	703	706	703
q17	3924	3824	3862	3824
q18	8703	8744	8836	8744
q19	1709	1701	1689	1689
q20	2390	2188	2122	2122
q21	8558	8385	8522	8385
q22	1044	982	946	946
Total cold run time: 85789 ms
Total hot run time: 79999 ms

[doris-robot]

TPC-DS: Total hot run time: 202538 ms

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/tpcds-tools
TPC-DS sf100 test result on commit 548647768f5ec420227a707496f0cd10e1df93fd, data reload: false

query1	919	391	376	376
query2	6513	2292	2292	2292
query3	6912	202	206	202
query4	20914	17965	17984	17965
query5	19738	6466	6513	6466
query6	302	219	238	219
query7	4153	293	290	290
query8	258	232	248	232
query9	3148	2679	2630	2630
query10	424	268	266	266
query11	11349	10678	10689	10678
query12	119	77	72	72
query13	5590	645	634	634
query14	17807	13589	14058	13589
query15	358	234	237	234
query16	6451	275	263	263
query17	1771	1650	891	891
query18	2340	413	403	403
query19	203	146	153	146
query20	81	81	78	78
query21	192	103	98	98
query22	5824	5142	5075	5075
query23	32357	31939	31815	31815
query24	6873	6468	6460	6460
query25	528	429	407	407
query26	487	165	158	158
query27	1733	295	292	292
query28	6030	2225	2201	2201
query29	2950	2849	2744	2744
query30	242	165	159	159
query31	880	720	738	720
query32	64	58	68	58
query33	400	238	255	238
query34	834	473	483	473
query35	1150	962	928	928
query36	1446	1330	1345	1330
query37	91	64	62	62
query38	3052	2905	2864	2864
query39	1377	1337	1324	1324
query40	199	96	97	96
query41	36	32	33	32
query42	90	86	87	86
query43	639	616	572	572
query44	1120	723	717	717
query45	240	231	227	227
query46	1235	974	1007	974
query47	1943	1744	2016	1744
query48	962	668	666	666
query49	606	378	360	360
query50	866	631	629	629
query51	4743	4647	4580	4580
query52	87	72	94	72
query53	443	326	326	326
query54	2662	2464	2453	2453
query55	90	77	78	77
query56	212	209	202	202
query57	1177	1053	1189	1053
query58	206	210	209	209
query59	3394	3259	3119	3119
query60	209	211	197	197
query61	86	86	86	86
query62	740	480	490	480
query63	463	330	337	330
query64	2427	1478	1471	1471
query65	3610	3544	3570	3544
query66	747	380	366	366
query67	16535	15563	17597	15563
query68	7984	636	678	636
query69	579	352	342	342
query70	1769	1869	1571	1571
query71	383	292	304	292
query72	6452	3479	3440	3440
query73	742	331	330	330
query74	6292	5889	5836	5836
query75	4499	3725	3694	3694
query76	4696	1152	1193	1152
query77	545	244	254	244
query78	12804	11900	11814	11814
query79	8075	638	647	638
query80	2133	396	400	396
query81	533	231	233	231
query82	1521	100	95	95
query83	184	136	131	131
query84	263	69	69	69
query85	1313	290	276	276
query86	425	373	344	344
query87	3242	2995	3008	2995
query88	4985	2332	2323	2323
query89	348	272	293	272
query90	1798	207	200	200
query91	157	119	119	119
query92	58	52	51	51
query93	4698	557	540	540
query94	893	207	206	206
query95	1111	1062	1076	1062
query96	645	327	324	324
query97	6592	6384	6304	6304
query98	187	172	181	172
query99	2941	909	876	876
Total cold run time: 310474 ms
Total hot run time: 202538 ms

[doris-robot]

ClickBench: Total hot run time: 31.38 s

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/clickbench-tools
ClickBench test result on commit 548647768f5ec420227a707496f0cd10e1df93fd, data reload: false

query1	0.03	0.03	0.02
query2	0.07	0.02	0.02
query3	0.25	0.04	0.05
query4	1.79	0.07	0.07
query5	0.53	0.53	0.52
query6	1.34	0.61	0.65
query7	0.01	0.01	0.01
query8	0.04	0.02	0.02
query9	0.52	0.48	0.48
query10	0.54	0.53	0.55
query11	0.12	0.08	0.08
query12	0.11	0.09	0.09
query13	0.62	0.60	0.61
query14	0.79	0.80	0.77
query15	0.78	0.75	0.77
query16	0.37	0.37	0.37
query17	1.01	1.00	1.02
query18	0.22	0.26	0.25
query19	1.91	1.88	1.85
query20	0.01	0.01	0.01
query21	15.45	0.59	0.56
query22	2.05	2.20	1.78
query23	16.96	1.04	0.92
query24	4.65	1.66	1.44
query25	0.29	0.14	0.05
query26	0.62	0.17	0.17
query27	0.04	0.04	0.03
query28	7.81	0.76	0.73
query29	12.60	2.29	2.32
query30	0.59	0.52	0.53
query31	2.81	0.38	0.37
query32	3.36	0.49	0.50
query33	3.11	3.05	3.11
query34	15.24	4.81	4.79
query35	4.90	4.86	4.86
query36	1.04	1.00	1.02
query37	0.06	0.04	0.05
query38	0.04	0.03	0.02
query39	0.02	0.01	0.01
query40	0.16	0.14	0.14
query41	0.07	0.02	0.01
query42	0.02	0.02	0.01
query43	0.02	0.02	0.01
Total cold run time: 102.97 s
Total hot run time: 31.38 s

[doris-robot]

Load test result on machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'

Load test result on commit 548647768f5ec420227a707496f0cd10e1df93fd with default session variables
Stream load json:         20 seconds loaded 2358488459 Bytes, about 112 MB/s
Stream load orc:          59 seconds loaded 1101869774 Bytes, about 17 MB/s
Stream load parquet:      31 seconds loaded 861443392 Bytes, about 26 MB/s
Insert into select:       21.0 seconds inserted 10000000 Rows, about 476K ops/s