branch-4.0: [fix](mysql) optimize some error handling logic #56416

[github-actions]

Cherry-picked from #56416

[Thearas]

Thank you for your contribution to Apache Doris.
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Please clearly describe your PR:

1. What problem was fixed (it's best to include specific error reporting information). How it was fixed.
2. Which behaviors were modified. What was the previous behavior, what is it now, why was it modified, and what possible impacts might there be.
3. What features were added. Why was this function added?
4. Which code was refactored and why was this part of the code refactored?
5. Which functions were optimized and what is the difference before and after the optimization?

[Thearas]

run buildall

[doris-robot]

ClickBench: Total hot run time: 29.97 s

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/clickbench-tools
ClickBench test result on commit cd3455efc9f04b285fe556411b8ecc314208964b, data reload: true

query1	0.03	0.04	0.03
query2	0.11	0.05	0.04
query3	0.28	0.07	0.07
query4	1.75	0.11	0.12
query5	0.27	0.24	0.25
query6	1.26	0.64	0.64
query7	0.02	0.03	0.01
query8	0.06	0.04	0.04
query9	0.63	0.51	0.51
query10	0.59	0.58	0.57
query11	0.18	0.11	0.11
query12	0.16	0.11	0.12
query13	0.63	0.61	0.61
query14	0.80	0.82	0.82
query15	0.88	0.85	0.84
query16	0.39	0.40	0.40
query17	1.02	1.04	1.06
query18	0.20	0.20	0.19
query19	1.97	1.86	1.79
query20	0.02	0.02	0.01
query21	15.45	0.94	0.57
query22	0.82	1.22	0.75
query23	15.03	1.36	0.58
query24	4.63	0.64	0.34
query25	0.32	0.09	0.07
query26	0.43	0.15	0.13
query27	0.06	0.04	0.05
query28	12.42	1.47	0.91
query29	12.71	3.85	3.16
query30	0.30	0.13	0.12
query31	3.01	0.59	0.39
query32	3.32	0.66	0.53
query33	3.28	3.25	3.50
query34	18.06	5.78	5.00
query35	5.01	5.05	5.04
query36	0.77	0.55	0.55
query37	0.10	0.07	0.07
query38	0.05	0.04	0.03
query39	0.04	0.03	0.03
query40	0.19	0.16	0.15
query41	0.09	0.03	0.03
query42	0.04	0.03	0.02
query43	0.04	0.03	0.03
Total cold run time: 107.42 s
Total hot run time: 29.97 s