[chore](log) return error to caller when get_tablet in cloud mode

[wyxxxcat]

we don't know the reason why it failed to get tablet
eg.

select dh, sum(income) from income group by dh order by dh;
ERROR 1105 (HY000): errCode = 2, detailMessage = (172.20.154.126)[INTERNAL_ERROR]failed to get tablet 1744178843931

[hello-stephen]

Thank you for your contribution to Apache Doris.
Don't know what should be done next? See How to process your PR.

Please clearly describe your PR:

1. What problem was fixed (it's best to include specific error reporting information). How it was fixed.
2. Which behaviors were modified. What was the previous behavior, what is it now, why was it modified, and what possible impacts might there be.
3. What features were added. Why was this function added?
4. Which code was refactored and why was this part of the code refactored?
5. Which functions were optimized and what is the difference before and after the optimization?

[wyxxxcat]

run buildall

[doris-robot]

ClickBench: Total hot run time: 28.5 s

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/clickbench-tools
ClickBench test result on commit 73763f1d9a000bb323b34913940804c4d446ab3e, data reload: false

query1	0.06	0.05	0.05
query2	0.09	0.05	0.05
query3	0.25	0.08	0.09
query4	1.61	0.12	0.12
query5	0.29	0.26	0.26
query6	1.20	0.67	0.67
query7	0.04	0.03	0.03
query8	0.06	0.05	0.05
query9	0.63	0.54	0.52
query10	0.59	0.60	0.58
query11	0.16	0.12	0.13
query12	0.16	0.13	0.13
query13	0.63	0.62	0.61
query14	1.03	1.04	1.03
query15	0.87	0.84	0.88
query16	0.40	0.40	0.40
query17	1.02	1.04	1.04
query18	0.22	0.21	0.21
query19	1.95	1.86	1.88
query20	0.01	0.01	0.01
query21	15.43	0.20	0.14
query22	5.03	0.08	0.05
query23	15.64	0.28	0.11
query24	1.93	0.80	1.19
query25	0.08	0.08	0.07
query26	0.16	0.13	0.15
query27	0.08	0.06	0.06
query28	4.69	1.19	0.94
query29	12.61	4.09	3.42
query30	0.29	0.14	0.14
query31	2.83	0.62	0.39
query32	3.24	0.56	0.47
query33	3.08	3.04	3.06
query34	15.87	5.13	4.57
query35	4.61	4.62	4.62
query36	0.69	0.51	0.51
query37	0.11	0.07	0.07
query38	0.07	0.05	0.04
query39	0.04	0.04	0.03
query40	0.18	0.14	0.14
query41	0.08	0.04	0.04
query42	0.04	0.04	0.03
query43	0.04	0.04	0.03
Total cold run time: 98.09 s
Total hot run time: 28.5 s

[hello-stephen]

BE UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 0.00% (0/8) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	52.72% (18042/34224)
Line Coverage	37.97% (163738/431247)
Region Coverage	32.36% (124933/386099)
Branch Coverage	33.71% (54591/161953)

[hello-stephen]

BE Regression && UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 87.50% (7/8) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	71.42% (24020/33631)
Line Coverage	57.86% (249863/431825)
Region Coverage	52.97% (207396/391533)
Branch Coverage	54.69% (89164/163024)

[wyxxxcat]

run cloud_p0

[hello-stephen]

BE Regression && UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 87.50% (7/8) 🎉

Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

Category	Coverage
Function Coverage	71.42% (24020/33631)
Line Coverage	57.86% (249863/431825)
Region Coverage	52.97% (207396/391533)
Branch Coverage	54.69% (89164/163024)

[github-actions]

PR approved by at least one committer and no changes requested.

[github-actions]

PR approved by anyone and no changes requested.