[FLINK-26032][client] add log info for the status of job submission and execution result.

[JingGe]

What is the purpose of the change

Add log info for ContextEnvironment.

Brief change log

• Add log info of job submission
• Add log info of job execution result

Verifying this change

This change is a trivial rework of adding log info without any test coverage.

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (yes / no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (yes / no)
• The serializers: (yes / no / don't know)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (yes / no / don't know)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (yes / no / don't know)
• The S3 file system connector: (yes / no / don't know)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes / no)

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• bf6a20f Azure: FAILURE

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Automated Checks

Last check on commit bf6a20f (Wed Feb 09 07:54:19 UTC 2022)

Warnings:

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Review Progress

• ❓ 1. The [description] looks good.
• ❓ 2. There is [consensus] that the contribution should go into to Flink.
• ❓ 3. Needs [attention] from.
• ❓ 4. The change fits into the overall [architecture].
• ❓ 5. Overall code [quality] is good.

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[tillrohrmann]

LGTM. Merging this PR now.