[FLINK-30983][runtime] Support configured ssl algorithms for external REST SSL

[TanYuxin-tyx]

What is the purpose of the change

Support configured ssl algorithms for external REST SSL

Brief change log

(for example:)

• Support configured ssl algorithms for external REST SSL
  Backport to 1.17. The change is reviewed in [FLINK-30983][runtime] Support configured ssl algorithms for external REST SSL #21937.

Verifying this change

Add a test in SSLUtilsTest.

• Add test in SSLUtilsTest

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (yes / no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (yes / no)
• The serializers: (yes / no / don't know)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (yes / no / don't know)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (yes / no / don't know)
• The S3 file system connector: (yes / no / don't know)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes / no)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (not applicable / docs / JavaDocs / not documented)

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 8ce5cee Azure: SUCCESS

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